Cross-sectional study on the proportion of smell and taste disturbances in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Poerbonegoro, Niken Lestari; Reksodiputro, Mirta Hediyati; Sari, Dewi Puspito; Mufida, Thalia; Rahman, Muhammad Ade; Reksodiputro, L; Audindra, Sacha; Yosia, Mikhael

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102909

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Pada sebuah systematic review yang melibatkan 92 artikel didapatkan prevalensinya sangat bervariasi secara global [3]. Beberapa penelitian menemukan prevalensi mulai dari sekitar 5% [4] hingga 85% pasien [5]. Pasien dapat mengalami salah satu gejala atau keduanya.…”

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“…Pasien dapat mengalami salah satu gejala atau keduanya. Sebuah penelitian di London mendapatkan gejala anosmia dan ageusia dirasakan oleh 55% pasien [6], demikian juga dengan di Depok, Indonesia [5]. Beberapa detail data dari penelitian tersebut antara lain anosmia terjadi pada 73% pasien sebelum diagnosis COVID-19 dan merupakan gejala awal pada 26,6% [7].…”

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“…Salah satu strategi yang dilakukan saat ini pada pasien dengan gejala anosmia dan ageusia adalah isolasi mandiri dirumah dan pusat rujukan COVID- Rata-rata pasien dewasa dengan gejala anosmia dan ageusia dimasyakarat berada pada usia produktif. Temuan ini sejalan dengan demografi pasien di sebuah rumah sakit di Depok [5], demikian juga di beberapa negara lainnya [6,13]. Di Indonesia, hal ini mungkin terjadi karena usia produktif lebih banyak dibandingkan tahapan usia lainnya.…”

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“…Mayoritas penderita adalah laki-laki, serupa dengan penelitian lain [5,6,13]. Laki-laki diusia produktif lebih banyak dipekerjakan dibandingkan perempuan [15] sehingga mereka lebih berisiko terpapar.…”

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“…Sekitar separuh pasien merasakan kedua gejala (45.7%), hanya dua pasien yang merasakan ageusia saja. Hal ini juga ditemukan di London dan Depok, dengan prevalensi kedua gejala dirasakan oleh sekitar separuh pasien (55.0% dan 55.9%, secara berurutan) dan sedikit yang merasakan ageusia saja [5,6]. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan karena sulitnya membedakan gejala tersebut [20] sehingga dapat diasumsikan gejala ageusia saja kemungkinan kecil dirasakan tanpa adanya anosmia [6].…”

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Anosmia and Ageusia in Adult Patient with Covid-19

Wulandari

Widakdo

Slametiningsih

et al. 2022

mki

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Early detection of COVID-19 disease in the community is essential, one of the ways is by identifying the symptoms of anosmia (loss of sense of smell) and ageusia (loss of sense of taste). However, it is not yet known how the characteristics of these symptoms can be used as a protocol to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aims to obtain an overview of the prevalence and characteristics of anosmia and ageusia in adult patients with COVID-19 in the community setting. Descriptive research with a retrospective approach was used to collect outpatients’ data at Puskesmas Kecamatan Cempaka Putih from May – June 2021. A total of 105 participants from 400 patients were selected using a simple random sampling with inclusion criteria were patients who confirmed positive for COVID-19 based on the results of the PCR Swab and had symptoms of anosmia and ageusia. Demographic data and general symptoms of COVID-19 were obtained from the Epidemiological Investigation of Suspected COVID-19 form from the Ministry of Health recorded in medical records, Data on prevalence and characteristics of anosmia and age were obtained through a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions made in google form format and distributed via WhatsApp to the participant. Descriptive analysis showed that from a total of 105 patients in the community with anosmia and ageusia, 103 patients (98.1%) reported anosmia, 50 patients (47.6%) had ageusia, and 48 patients (45.7%) experienced both symptoms. Patients experienced anosmia before being diagnosed with COVID-19 (62, 60.2%) and ageusia after being diagnosed with COVID-19 (28, 56.0%). The median duration of anosmia in days (IQR) was 7 (2) and ageusia was 5 (4). Anosmia and ageusia are symptoms experienced by an adult patient with COVID-19 in the community setting. These two symptoms need to be recognised as typical symptoms of COVID-19, added to the early detection of COVID-19, and included in the self-isolation protocol. Further research on the impact of anosmia and age on health and long-term decline in sensory function after COVID-19 needs to be done.

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Anosmia and Ageusia in Adult Patient with Covid-19

Wulandari

Widakdo

Slametiningsih

et al. 2022

mki

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Impact of taste/smell disturbances on dietary intakes and cachexia-related quality of life in patients with advanced cancer

Otani

Amano

Morita

et al. 2023

Support Care Cancer

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All ve senses (i.e., sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch) are used to enjoy meals; however, impairments in sensory perception, which are common among cancer patients, seriously impact health and cause eating-related distress. MethodsUsing a self-report questionnaire, we surveyed patients with advanced cancer undergoing treatment at 11 palliative care centers. Multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the impact of taste and smell disturbances on dietary intake and cachexia-related quality of life (QOL). Dietary intake was assessed using the ingesta-Verbal/Visual Analog Scale, while taste and smell disturbances were assessed using an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Cachexia-related QOL was assessed using the 12-item Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT) Anorexia/Cachexia Subscale. ResultsOverall, 378 patients provided consent to participate. After excluding patients with missing data, data were analyzed for 343 patients. Among them, 35.6% (n = 122; 95% CI 0.28-0.38) and 20.9% (n = 72; 95% CI 0.17-0.25) experienced disturbances in taste (NRS ≥ 1) and smell (NRS ≥ 1), respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that, independent of performance status and cancer cachexia, taste and smell disturbances were signi cantly associated with worse FAACT Anorexia/Cachexia Subscale scores and dietary intake. ConclusionMore severe taste and smell disturbances were associated with poorer dietary intake and cachexia-related QOL. Diagnosing and treating such disturbances may improve dietary intake and cachexia-related QOL, regardless of performance status and cachexia. Additional research is required to establish effective treatment strategies for disturbances in taste and smell.

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Effect of Full Vaccination and Post-Covid Olfactory Dysfunction in Recovered Covid-19 Patient. A Retrospective Longitudinal Study With Propensity Matching

Herman

Viwattanakulvanid

Dzulhadj

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Symptoms after Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) infection affect the quality of life of its survivor especially to the special senses including olfactory function. It is important to prevent the disability at an earlier stage. Vaccination as key prevention has been proven to be effective in reducing symptomatic disease and severity. However, the effects of vaccination on post COVID symptoms have not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protection of full vaccination and the occurrence of post-COVID olfactory dysfunction, specifically anosmia, and hyposmia in patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19. Method A longitudinal analysis using the retrospective cohort of the Indonesian patient-based Post-COVID-19 survey collected from July 2021 until December 2021, involving COVID-19 Patients confirmed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and/or Antigen test. Variables including demography, comorbidities, health behavior, type of vaccine, symptoms, and treatment were collected through an online questionnaire based on the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS). Participants were matched (1:1) using propensity matching score into two exposure statuses, infected 1)>14 days of full vaccination and 2)<14 days or incomplete or unvaccinated. The olfactory dysfunction was assessed two weeks and four weeks after negative conversion with PCR using a self-measured olfactory questionnaire (MOQ). The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was performed to assess the effect of full vaccination on post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. The Receiver Operating Characteristic determined the sensitivity and specificity of the cutoff value of the days from fully vaccinated to diagnosis and the olfactory dysfunction. Results A total of 442 participants were extracted from the cohort and inoculated with the inactivated viral vaccine (99.5%). The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in two weeks was 9.95% and 5.43% after four weeks. Adjusted by other variables, people who were infected >14 days after being fully vaccinated had a 69% (adjusted Odds Ratio / aOR 0.31 95% CI 0.102-0.941) probability of developing olfactory dysfunction. Longer days of fully vaccinated to infection are associated with increased risk (aOR 1.012 95% CI 1.002-1.022 p-value 0.015). A cut-off of 88 days of full vaccination-to-diagnosis duration has Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.693 (p=0.002), the sensitivity of 73.9%, and specificity of 63.3% in differentiating the olfactory dysfunction event in two weeks after COVID-19 with a crude odds ratio of 4.852 (95% CI 1.831-12.855 p=0.001) Conclusion After 14 days of full vaccination, the protective effect could reduce the chance of post-COVID olfactory dysfunction although a longer full vaccination-to-diagnosis duration increases the risk. It is important to consider a booster shot starting from 89 days after the last dose in those who received the inactivated viral regimen.

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Cross-sectional study on the proportion of smell and taste disturbances in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Anosmia and Ageusia in Adult Patient with Covid-19

Anosmia and Ageusia in Adult Patient with Covid-19

Impact of taste/smell disturbances on dietary intakes and cachexia-related quality of life in patients with advanced cancer

Effect of Full Vaccination and Post-Covid Olfactory Dysfunction in Recovered Covid-19 Patient. A Retrospective Longitudinal Study With Propensity Matching

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