Cross‐shelf eddy heat transport in a wind‐free coastal ocean undergoing winter time cooling

Pringle, James M.

doi:10.1029/2000jc900148

Cited by 26 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The prior modeling studies of coastal polynyas and simple open-shelf domains undergoing cooling have demonstrated a balance between surface buoyancy loss and cross-shelf eddy flux after an initial adjustment period [Chapman and Gawarkiewicz, 1997;Spall and Chapman, 1998;Pringle, 2001]. In some cases, the resultant density field achieves a steady state [Chapman and Gawarkiewicz, 1997;Spall and Chapman, 1998] with zero local change in average density, and in other cases, the crossshelf density gradient is constant in time [Pringle, 2001] with a small but nonzero remnant local change in density. However, all of these studies find that transports are dominated by eddy fluxes and transports in the surface and bottom boundary layers are insignificant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior modeling efforts [Gawarkiewicz and Chapman, 1995;Chapman and Gawarkiewicz, 1997;Spall and Chapman, 1998;Pringle, 2001] have shown crossshelf transports to play an important role in balancing the surface loss of heat, freshwater, and hence buoyancy. In this case, the cross-shelf and depth-averaged heat and salt balances can be written as…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response of the coastal ocean to large outgoing surface buoyancy fluxes and the export of dense water across the shelf has been the subject of modeling [Gawarkiewicz and Chapman, 1995;Chapman and Gawarkiewicz, 1997;Spall and Chapman, 1998;Pringle, 2001] and laboratory studies [Whitehead et al, 1990;Cenedese et al, 2004]. A particularly interesting result from the modeling and laboratory studies is the importance of three-dimensional eddies and turbulent lateral mixing in driving cross-shelf transport, as opposed to cross-shelf transport in the bottom boundary layer, driven by a combination of gravitation, friction, and rotation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For comparison, there are two alternative length scales relevant to a dense eddy field on a sloping, continental shelf [Pringle, 2001]. One is the Rhines arrest scale…”

Section: Lateral Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33] Cross-shelf transports by eddies have been shown in previous laboratory and modeling studies to be the dominant buoyancy flux mechanism balancing surface fluxes in coastal polynyas and continental shelf domains [Gawarkiewicz and Chapman, 1995;Chapman and Gawarkiewicz, 1997;Spall and Chapman, 1998;Pringle, 2001]. Using the average cross-shelf transports we estimated from the heat and salt budgets, we can compute the commensurate depth-integrated cross-shelf buoyancy fluxes,…”

Section: Cross-shelf Transport By Eddiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaporative dense water formation and cross‐shelf exchange over the northwest Australian inner shelf

Shearman¹,

Brink²

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] High-resolution surveys of oceanographic and atmospheric conditions made during the winter over the inner shelf off northwest Australia are used to examine the coastal ocean response to large outgoing heat and freshwater fluxes. Relatively cool, low-humidity air blows off the Australian continent out over the tropical continental shelf, resulting in a large mean latent heat flux (−177 W m −2 ) that overwhelms insolation and, along with the outgoing long-wave radiation, results in substantial net cooling (−105 W m −2 ) and evaporative freshwater flux (0.6 cm d −1). The inner shelf is characterized by increasingly cool, salty, and dense waters onshore, with a strong front near the 25 m isobath. The front is evident in satellite sea surface temperature (SST) imagery along the majority of the northwest Australian shelf, exhibiting a complex filamentary and eddy structure. Cross-shelf buoyancy fluxes estimated from the mean, two-dimensional heat and salt budgets are comparable to parameterizations of cross-shelf eddy driven fluxes; however, the same fluxes can be achieved by cross-shelf transports in the bottom boundary layer of about 0.5 m 2 s −1 (and an overlying return flow).Citation: Shearman, R. K., and K. H. Brink (2010), Evaporative dense water formation and cross-shelf exchange over the northwest Australian inner shelf,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For comparison, there are two alternative length scales relevant to a dense eddy field on a sloping, continental shelf [Pringle, 2001]. One is the Rhines arrest scale…”

Section: Lateral Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-shelf Transport By Eddiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaporative dense water formation and cross‐shelf exchange over the northwest Australian inner shelf

Shearman¹,

Brink²

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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Cross-shelf exchange in the northwestern Black Sea

Zhou

Shapiro

Wobus

2014

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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The transports of water, heat, and salt between the northwestern shelf and deep interior of the Black Sea are investigated using a high-resolution three-dimensional primitive equation model. From April to August 2005, both onshore and offshore cross-shelf break transports in the top 20 m were 0.24 Sv on average, which is equivalent to the replacement of 60% of the volume of surface shelf waters (0-20 m) per month. Two main exchange mechanisms are studied: Ekman transport, and transport by mesoscale eddies and associated meanders of the Rim Current. The Ekman drift causes nearly uniform onshore or offshore flow over a large section of the shelf break, but it is confined to the upper layers. In contrast, eddies and meanders penetrate deep down to the bottom, but they are restricted laterally. During the strong wind events of 15-22 April and 1-4 July, some 0.66 3 10 12 and 0.44 3 10 12 m 3 of water were removed from the northwestern shelf, respectively. In comparison, the single long-lived Sevastopol Eddy generated a much larger offshore transfer of 2.84 3 10 12 m 3 over the period 23 April to 30 June, which is equivalent to 102% of the volume of northwestern shelf waters. Over the study period, salt exchanges increased the average density of the shelf waters by 0.67 kg m 23 and reduced the density contrast between the shelf and deep sea, while lateral heat exchanges reduced the density of the shelf waters by 0.16 kg m 23 and sharpened the shelf break front.

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Dense water formation around islands

Spall

2013

JGR Oceans

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[1] Basic constraints on the dense water formation rate and circulation resulting from cooling around an island are discussed. The domain under consideration consists of an island surrounded by a shelf, a continental slope, and a stratified ocean. Atmospheric cooling over the shelf forms a dense water that penetrates down the sloping bottom into the stratified basin. Strong azimuthal flows are generated over the sloping bottom as a result of thermal wind. Thermally direct and indirect mean overturning cells are also forced over the slope as a result of bands of convergent and divergent Reynolds stresses associated with the jets. The Coriolis force associated with the net mass flux into the downwelling region over the slope is balanced by these nonlinear terms, giving rise to a fundamentally different momentum budget than arises in semienclosed marginal seas subject to cooling. A similar momentum balance is found for cases with canyons and ridges around the island provided that the terms are considered in a coordinate system that follows the topography. Both eddy fluxes and the mean overturning cells are important for the radial heat flux, although the eddy fluxes typically dominate. The properties of the dense water formed over the shelf (temperature, diapycnal mass flux) are predicted well by application of baroclinic instability theory and simple heat and mass budgets. It is shown that each of these quantities depends only on a nondimensional number derived from environmental parameters such as the shelf depth, Coriolis parameter, offshore temperature field, and atmospheric forcing.

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Cross‐shelf eddy heat transport in a wind‐free coastal ocean undergoing winter time cooling

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Evaporative dense water formation and cross‐shelf exchange over the northwest Australian inner shelf

Evaporative dense water formation and cross‐shelf exchange over the northwest Australian inner shelf

Cross-shelf exchange in the northwestern Black Sea

Dense water formation around islands

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