Cross-species spread of SCCmec IV subtypes in staphylococci

Smyth, Davida S.; Wong, Agnes; Robinson, D. Ashley

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2010.12.005

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…SCCmec type IV is the most common type found in MRSA worldwide. This type is also the most variable with eight subtypes, which is probably a result of its higher mobility compared to the other SCCmec types [83][84]. The most recently described SCCmec elements, type IX, X and XI have all been found in MRSA strains considered to be of animal origin, and carry at least one operon encoding resistance to heavy metals, which appears to be an attribute of SCCmec elements originating in animals [58].…”

Section: Sccmecmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiological and molecular biological studies of multi-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Lindqvist¹

2014

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Antibiotic resistance is increasingly recognised as a major problem and threat. During the last decades Gram-positive bacteria in general, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in particular, have been in focus both concerning matters of antibiotic resistance and as pathogens causing health care-associated (nosocomial) infections. In contrast to MRSA, studies on clonal distribution of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) are scarce.However, interest in MSSA has increased since it was shown that MRSA emerges from susceptible backgrounds by acquisition of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome element, carrying the mecA gene encoding methicillin-resistance (SCCmec).In an outbreak investigation of MRSA in Östergötland County, Sweden, in 2005, a high incidence of MSSA isolates with concomitant resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and tobramycin (ECT-R) was detected. Analysis showed that 91 % of the investigated isolates were genetically related (clonal). The ECT-R clone was divided into four different but closely related patterns with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and was designated spa type t002. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the ECT-R clone carried a pseudo-SCC element estimated to be 12 kb in size, showing a resemblance of more than 99 % with the SCCmec type II element of MRSA strain N315 (New York/Japan clone). This suggested a probable derivation from a highly successful MRSA strain, which had partially excised its SCCmec. The clonal outbreak was concentrated in eight hospital departments and two primary care centres, all located in the city of Linköping. Despite a high exchange of patients with the hospitals in the neighbouring counties in southeast Sweden (Jönköping-and Kalmar County), the ECT-R clone seemed to be limited to Östergötland County. However, a tobramycin-resistant clone predominated by isolates of spa type t084 was found in all three counties in southeast Sweden, and in particular among newborns, suggesting inter-hospital transmission.The ECT-R clone has survived as an abundant MSSA clone for a decade in Östergötland County, which indicates an insufficiency in the maintenance of basic hygiene guidelines, and that the clone probably possesses mechanisms of virulence and transmission that are yet to be discovered. Sammanfattning på svenska

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Section: Sccmecmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiological and molecular biological studies of multi-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Lindqvist¹

2014

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“…insertion sequences, transposons and plasmids, which are located in the joining regions (IWG, 2009). The occurrence of a very similar SCCmec cassette in different species provided evidence that genetic trans fer of this element occurs between species in nature (Barbier et al, 2010;Hanssen and Ericson Sollid, 2006;Smyth et al, 2010). Moreover, Bloemendaal et al (2010) demonstrated in vitro the transfer of SCCmec IV from S. epidermidis to the most virulent staphylococcal spe cies, Staphylococcus aureus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains Isolated from Biomaterial-Associated Infections and their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Szczuka

Bosacka²,

Kaznowski

2016

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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A b s t r a c tThis work aims to provide an insight into staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements and antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The dominating type was SCCmec -IV. Fifteen isolates were assigned to SCCmec type III, two isolates to SCCmec type II. Most isolates were resistant to at least three of the nonβlactam antibiotics tested. None of the strains exhibited resistance to new generation antibiotics, such as daptomycin and linezolid. Also, none of these strains showed resistance to tigecycline and only four strains were resistant to rifampin i.e. antibiotics which are very efficient in treating biofilmassociated infections.

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“…Albatineh et al (1) had previously discussed the correction for chance agreement for several similarity indices, including W. Although this correction was never applied in the context of microbial typing studies, others have previously acknowledged the importance and usefulness of such a correction (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adjusted Wallace Coefficient as a Measure of Congruence between Typing Methods

et al. 2011

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We propose a new coefficient, the adjusted Wallace coefficient (AW), and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) as quantitative measures of congruence between typing methods. The performance of the derived CI was evaluated using simulated data. Published microbial typing data were used to demonstrate the advantages of AW over the Wallace coefficient.Several molecular epidemiology studies of clinically relevant microorganisms provide a characterization of isolates based on different typing methods (3, 5, 7). The informed choice of which typing method is more appropriate in a given clinical or microbiological research setting lies in the ability of the method to identify isolates of interest, the execution time, the cost-effectiveness, and the ease of interpretation of the results (16). Nevertheless, to support the decision, a quantitative comparison of the results of the typing methods should also be performed (3).Carriço et al. (3) proposed the use of the adjusted Rand coefficient (AR) and the Wallace coefficient (W) as measures to assess the congruence of typing methods. These have been applied in several studies comparing or proposing new typing methods (2,3,7,9,12,17). AR provides a measure of the overall agreement between two typing methods and corrects the previously used coefficient of typing concordance (18) for chance agreement, avoiding the overestimation of concordance between typing methods (8). W provides information about the directional agreement between typing methods. W A3B is the probability that, for a given data set, two individuals are classified together using method B if they have been classified together using method A. In spite of its simple interpretation, one can obtain high values of W due to chance alone. For instance, if method A creates a high number of partitions (such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] subtypes) and method B creates only two (such as the presence or absence of a given gene), W A3B will be high but may not be different from the value expected by chance alone.The expected Wallace coefficient under independence (W i ) was previously proposed to evaluate whether the results of two typing methods could agree by chance alone (11). To assess whether the estimated W value is significantly different from the W i value, one can use the proposed Wallace 95% confidence interval (CI) (11,13). If the value of W i is within the CI of W, the null hypothesis of independence between classifications cannot be rejected with the respective confidence level (11). One way to directly take into account W i would be to calculate an adjusted version of W.Albatineh et al. (1) had previously discussed the correction for chance agreement for several similarity indices, including W. Although this correction was never applied in the context of microbial typing studies, others have previously acknowledged the importance and usefulness of such a correction (15).Derivation of AW. The adjusted Wallace coefficient (AW) is derived by following an approach similar to that used for AR (8):The ...

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Cross-species spread of SCCmec IV subtypes in staphylococci

Cited by 37 publications

References 66 publications

Epidemiological and molecular biological studies of multi-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Epidemiological and molecular biological studies of multi-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Characterization of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains Isolated from Biomaterial-Associated Infections and their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Adjusted Wallace Coefficient as a Measure of Congruence between Typing Methods

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