Cross-talk between cones and horizontal cells through the feedback circuit

Piccolino, Marco

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0533-0_9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…The labeling was confined to the presynaptic site of the photoreceptor synapse; however, it was not restricted there to the region around the ribbons but was found all over the pedicle or spherule. One might argue that the invaginating processes of horizontal cells provide a feedback signal, and thus the PSD-95 in photoreceptors would be located postsynaptically to horizontal cells (for review, see Piccolino, 1995;Yazulla, 1995). We are not in favor of this view, because PSD-95 is not clustered at the contacts between photoreceptors and horizontal cell terminals but is found all around rod spherules and cone pedicles.…”

Section: Localization Of Psd-95 In the Outer Retinamentioning

confidence: 67%

Immunocytochemical Localization of the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 in the Mammalian Retina

et al. 1998

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Synapse-associated proteins are the scaffold for the selective aggregation of ion channels at synapses; they provide the link to cytoskeletal elements and possibly are involved with the regulation of synaptic efficacy by electrical activity. The localization of the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 was studied in different mammalian retinae (rat, monkey, and tree shrew) by using immunocytochemical methods. Immunofluorescence for PSD-95 was most prominent in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). The axon terminals of rods and cones, the rod spherules and cone pedicles, were strongly labeled. Electron microscopy, using preembedding immunocytochemistry, showed PSD-95 localized presynaptically within the photoreceptor terminals. Distinct PSD-95 labeling was also present in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). It had a punctate appearance suggesting the synaptic clustering of PSD-95 in the IPL. Electron microscopy showed that PSD-95 was concentrated in processes that were postsynaptic at bipolar cell ribbon synapses (dyads). As a rule, only one of the two postsynaptic members of the dyad was labeled for PSD-95. Double-labeling experiments were performed for PSD-95 and for SAP 102 or PSD-93, respectively, two other members of the family of synapse-associated proteins. All three were found to be colocalized in the synaptic hot spots in the IPL. In the OPL, however, PSD-95 and PSD-93 were found presynaptically, whereas SAP 102 was located postsynaptically at photoreceptor synapses. Double-labeling experiments also were performed for PSD-95 and for the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor. They were found to be colocalized in synaptic hot spots in the IPL. Key words: PSD-95; SAP 102; PSD-93; NMDA receptors; NR1 subunit; postsynaptic density; receptor clustering; cone pedicle; rod spheruleThe postsynaptic density (PSD) is a complex network of transmitter receptors, anchoring proteins, and cytoskeletal elements (Kennedy, 1997). The selective concentration of transmitter receptors in PSDs not only is essential for the reliable and rapid synaptic transmission but also plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and possibly in memory formation (Mammen et al., 1997;Rao and Craig, 1997;K irsch and Betz, 1998).The postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 belongs to a family of ion channel clustering molecules (for review, see Gomperts, 1996;Sheng, 1996;Kennedy, 1997). In its N-terminal part PSD-95 contains three highly homologous regions of ϳ90 amino acids. They have been called PDZ domains because they have been found in postsynaptic density proteins (PSDs), in the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene "disks large" (Dlg), and in cell -cell adhesion proteins like zonula occludens-1 (Z O1). In mammals this family of postsynaptic density proteins includes four closely related proteins: PSD-95/SAP 90 (Cho et al., 1992;K istner et al., 1993), SAP 97/ hdlg (L ue et al., 1994;Müller et al., 1995), PSD-93/Chapsyn-110 (Brenman et al., 1996a;K im et al., 1996), and SAP 102 (Müller et al., 1996).The second PDZ domain in PSD-95 has been shown by the yeast...

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Section: Localization Of Psd-95 In the Outer Retinamentioning

confidence: 67%

Immunocytochemical Localization of the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 in the Mammalian Retina

et al. 1998

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“…In the outer retina of nonmammalian vertebrates, the functional role of GABA feedback is still a matter of controversy (Werblin, 1991;Piccolino, 1995;Kamermans and Spekreijse, 1999). Classi- Figure 9.…”

Section: Gaba a And Gaba C Receptors In Conesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cally, horizontal cells are considered to release GABA by a carrier-mediated mechanism (Schwartz, 1982(Schwartz, , 1987Yazulla and Kleinschmidt, 1983), the cone photoreceptors responding to transmitter at GABA A receptors as been demonstrated in turtle cones (Kaneko and Tachibana, 1986). This feedback could mediate the complex surround response in cone photoreceptors and thus contribute to enhancing contrast at the border of objects (Piccolino, 1995). However, producing the surround response has also been attributed to Ca 2ϩ channel modulation, the GABA feedback would then adjust cone photoreceptor light sensitivity and responsiveness (Kamermans and Spekreijse, 1999).…”

Section: Gaba a And Gaba C Receptors In Conesmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA_C Receptors Are Localized with Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B in Mammalian Cone Photoreceptors

Pattnaik¹,

Jellali²,

Sahel³

et al. 2000

J. Neurosci.

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Protein MAP1B was recently reported to link GABA(C) receptors to the cytoskeleton at neuronal synapses. This interaction was demonstrated in the mammalian retina, where GABA(C) receptors were thought to be exclusively expressed in bipolar cells. Our previous studies on cultured photoreceptors suggested however the presence of GABA(C) receptors in cones. To further investigate GABA(C) receptor expression in cones, we measured GABA responses in mammalian photoreceptors in situ, and we examined the distribution of the receptor and that of protein MAP1B in the mammalian outer retina. Photoreceptors were recorded from flat-mounted retinas of retinal degeneration mice at an age when the retina becomes cone-dominated after rod cell death. GABA(A) and GABA(C)-gated currents were produced only in cones but not rods. Recording freshly dissociated retinal cells from wild-type C57 mice confirmed the presence of GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors in cones. Immunohistochemical labeling of mouse and rat retinal sections localized GABA(C) receptors to cone terminals that were identified by peanut agglutinin lectin staining. As expected from previous studies on bipolar cells, the punctate immunostaining was not restricted to cone terminals in the outer plexiform layer. MAP1B immunolabeling was obtained in rat and pig retinas and was similarly found in cone terminals identified by the peanut agglutinin lectin staining. These results provide physiological and histological evidence that cones receive a GABA feedback in the mammalian retina and are consistent with the notion that protein MAP1B links GABA(C) receptors to the cytoskeleton at postsynaptic sites.

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“…The traditional view is that the ganglion cell surround is produced by negative feedback from horizontal cells to cones that is either mediated (for review, see Wu, 1992;Piccolino, 1995) or modulated (for review, see Kamermans and Spekreijse, 1999) by the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. However, recent evidence suggests that the rich diversity of interneurons of the inner retina, the amacrine cells, also contribute to the ganglion cell surround (Cook and McReynolds, 1998;Taylor, 1999;Roska et al, 2000;Flores-Herr et al, 2001) In primate retina, the inhibitory surround begins the task of spatial information processing by transforming the ganglion cell spatial tuning curve from that of the center response, which has smoothly declining sensitivity with increasing spatial frequency, into a bandpass shape in which sensitivity to low spatial frequencies has been attenuated (Enroth-Cugell and Robson, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Classical Receptive Field Surround of Primate Parasol Ganglion Cells Is Mediated Primarily by a Non-GABAergic Pathway

McMahon¹,

Packer²,

Dacey³

2004

J. Neurosci.

107

103

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Although the center-surround receptive field is a fundamental property of retinal ganglion cells, the circuitry that mediates surround inhibition remains controversial. We examined the contribution of horizontal cells and amacrine cells to the surround of parasol ganglion cells of macaque and baboon retina by measuring receptive field structure before and during the application of drugs that have been shown previously to affect surrounds in a range of mammalian and nonmammalian species. Carbenoxolone and cobalt, thought to attenuate feedback from horizontal cells to cones, severely reduced the surround. Tetrodotoxin, which blocks sodium spiking in amacrine cells, and picrotoxin, which blocks the inhibitory action of GABA, only slightly reduced the surround. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the surrounds of light-adapted parasol ganglion cells are generated primarily by non-GABAergic horizontal cell feedback in the outer retina, with a small contribution from GABAergic amacrine cells of the inner retina.

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Cross-talk between cones and horizontal cells through the feedback circuit

Cited by 5 publications

References 141 publications

Immunocytochemical Localization of the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 in the Mammalian Retina

Immunocytochemical Localization of the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 in the Mammalian Retina

GABA_C Receptors Are Localized with Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B in Mammalian Cone Photoreceptors

The Classical Receptive Field Surround of Primate Parasol Ganglion Cells Is Mediated Primarily by a Non-GABAergic Pathway

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Cross-talk between cones and horizontal cells through the feedback circuit

Cited by 5 publications

References 141 publications

Immunocytochemical Localization of the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 in the Mammalian Retina

Immunocytochemical Localization of the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 in the Mammalian Retina

GABAC Receptors Are Localized with Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B in Mammalian Cone Photoreceptors

The Classical Receptive Field Surround of Primate Parasol Ganglion Cells Is Mediated Primarily by a Non-GABAergic Pathway

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GABA_C Receptors Are Localized with Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B in Mammalian Cone Photoreceptors