Cross‑validation of genes potentially associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and platinum‑based chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Abstract

Ovarian carcinomas have the poorest prognosis and the highest mortality among gynecological malignancies. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is considered as a novel therapeutic strategy and an alternative treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC). The aim of the present study was to identify the core genes related to platinum-based NACT resistance in AEOC and to allow screening at the molecular level for the most appropriate ovarian cancer patients for NACT. We obtained three drug-resistant microarrays GSE114206, GSE41499 and GSE33482 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database as well as a microarray representing NACT, GSE109934. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the nature of the four potential candidate genes for using in functional enrichment analyses and interaction network construction. The potential associations and possible genetic alterations among the DEGs were summarized using the STRING database in Cytoscape and the cBioPortal visualization tool, respectively. A total of 63 genes were identified as DEGs from GSE109934 representing NACT. From the drug-resistant GSE114206 and GSE41499 datasets, 106 DEGs containing 36 upregulated genes and 70 downregulated genes were selected, and from the drug-resistant GSE114206 and GSE33482 datasets, 406 DEGs with 157 upregulated genes and 249 downregulated genes were selected. The 36 upregulated DEGs and the 70 downregulated genes were notably abundant in the different categories. In KEGG pathway analysis, the 157 upregulated genes and the 249 downregulated genes were concentrated in distinctive signaling pathways. Four potential genes associated with NACT and platinum-based chemoresistance were screened, including nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NAFTc1), Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Our study showed that the mRNA expression levels of NAFTc1, NR4A3 and HGF were increased in drug-resistant OC cell lines (all P<0.01), whereas the mRNA expression levels of KLF4 were notably lower in the SKOV3-CDDP and HeyA8-CDDP cell line (all P<0.01) but higher in the A2780-CBP cell line. The NAFTc1, KLF4, NR4A3 and HGF genes may be potential therapeutic targets for NACT and platinum-based chemoresistance factors as well as candidate biomarkers in AEOC. Determination of the expression levels of these four genes in tumor tissues before planning NACT treatment or initial surgery would be beneficial for AEOC patients.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Primary Debulking Surgery in FIGO Stage III and IV Epithelial Ovarian, Tubal or Peritoneal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Even though NACT was associated with a significant improvement in complete cytoreduction rates, this was not translated into survival benefit in the general patient population. This could be attributed to two main reasons: 1) the low rates of complete cytoreduction, as discussed above, and 2) the increased chemo-resistance observed in women treated with NACT, especially those with high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (28)(29)(30). Platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory disease is usually observed in women with high tumour load and serous subtype, as well as in women treated with multiple cycles of chemotherapy.…”

Stand up Against Bad Intended News: An Approach to Detect Fake News using Machine Learning

“…This is done by running the loop once and looping through it a k-number of times and getting different performance values for each different test set (Figure 4). Then finally, the average value of all performance values is taken, which reveals how good or bad the model is [28,29]. The formula evaluation score mentioned below:…”