Cross-Validation of the Newly-Normed SKT for the Detection of MCI and Dementia

Heßler, Johannes Baltasar; Stemmler, Mark; Bickel, Horst

doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000154

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Finally, the new norming of 2015 [25] served the purpose of improving the sensitivity of the test for early recognition of dementia in persons aged 60 years or older. First data show the high sensitivity and specificity of the SKT for dementia being 0.83 and 0.84, respectively [38,39]. The results of the ROC analyses reported in the present study support these findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Newly Normed SKT Reveals Differences in Neuropsychological Profiles of Patients with MCI, Mild Dementia and Depression

Lehfeld

Stemmler

2019

Diagnostics

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The SKT (Syndrom-Kurztest) is a short cognitive performance test assessing deficits of memory and attention in the sense of speed of information processing. The new standardization of the SKT (2015) aimed at improving its sensitivity for early cognitive decline due to dementia in subjects aged 60 or older. The goal of this article is to demonstrate how the neuropsychological test profile of the SKT can be used to provide valuable information for a differential diagnosis between MCI (mild cognitive impairment), dementia and depression. n = 549 patients attending a memory clinic (Nuremberg, Germany) were diagnosed according to ICD-10 and tested with the SKT. The SKT consists of nine subtests, three for the assessment of memory and six for measuring attention in the sense of speed of information processing. The result of the SKT test procedure is a total score, which indicates the severity of overall cognitive impairment. Besides the summary score, two subscores for memory and attention can be interpreted. Using the level of depression as a covariate, statistical comparisons of SKT test profiles between the three patient groups revealed that depressed patients showed more pronounced deficits than MCI patients in all six attention subtests. On the other hand, MCI patients displayed significantly greater mnestic impairment than the depressed group, which was indicated by significant differences in the memory subscore. MCI and dementia patients showed similar deficit patterns dominated by impairment of memory (delayed recall) with MCI patients demonstrating less overall impairment. In sum, the SKT neuropsychological test profiles provided indicators for a differential diagnosis between MCI and beginning dementia vs. depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Newly Normed SKT Reveals Differences in Neuropsychological Profiles of Patients with MCI, Mild Dementia and Depression

Lehfeld

Stemmler

2019

Diagnostics

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“…In the present study, the predictive validity of the newly normed SKT [8, 16] was investigated. The prospective study design [10] enabled the investigation of the onset of cognitive decline, including MCI and dementia (mild, moderate and severe) over a 3-year period.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study on the psychometric properties of the newly normed SKT [10], we conducted ROC curves in order to examine the validity of the SKT in comparison to the MMSE to detect MCI and dementia. The AUCs for the detection of MCI ranged between 0.79 and 0.88 for the SKT and between 0.79 and 0.91 for the MMSE.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The old norms of the SKT from 2001 had to be renewed because reports from clinicians suggested that the old norms were too lenient at the early stages of cognitive decline and lead to many false negatives [9]. In a cross-sectional study, the new norms showed better sensitivity than the old norms [10]. For the comparison of healthy cognitive development versus MCI, the sensitivity was 0.89 (old norming: 0.65); for the comparison of no dementia versus dementia, it was 0.83 (old norming: 0.78) and for the comparison between MCI versus dementia it was 0.83 (old norming: 0.78).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Cognitive Decline and Dementia with the Newly Normed SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test

Stemmler¹,

Heßler²,

Bickel³

2019

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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Objective: The aim of this article was to determine the criterion-related validity of the newly normed SKT (Syndrom-Kurztest) Short Cognitive Performance Test with the onset of dementia as the predicted criterion. Methods: The cognitive ability was tested with the SKT in a sample of 546 cognitively healthy adults aged 65–85 years. New cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia were determined in 3 follow-up investigations at 1-year intervals. Each participant’s cognitive status was rated on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. The cognitive status according to the SKT is presented in terms of a traffic light system. Results: Based on Kaplan-Meier estimators, the trajectories of the different SKT traffic light labels were investigated over 3 years. The trajectories were significantly different, representing differential risks for dementia onset. In comparison to the green group, the hazard ratio (HR) for the development of dementia and MCI amounted to HR 6.63 (95% CI 2.75–15.96) and HR 2.34 (95% CI 1.37–3.99), respectively, in the yellow group, and to HR 25.40 (95% CI 10.73–60.14) and HR 3.83 (95% CI 1.86–7.86), respectively, in the red group. Conclusions: The newly normed SKT showed a high predictive validity for the onset of dementia.

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“…An overview of the subtests and tasks to be completed is given in Table 1 [ 4 ]. The SKT, with its duration of only about 10 min, seems to be a reasonable alternative in the context of MCI and dementia when compared to other established tests such as the MoCA [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Chinese Version of SKT (Syndrom Kurztest): A Short Cognitive Performance Test for the Assessment of Memory and Attention

Stemmler

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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(1) Background: The SKT (Syndrom Kurztest) is a short cognitive performance test that consists of nine subtests and assesses deficits of memory and attention. This study was aimed at exploring the SKT target population in China and evaluating the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the SKT; (2) Methods: A total of 1624 patients aged over 60 years old were recruited in the Sixth People’s Hospital in Shanghai. The SKT raw scores were recorded. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was determined to assess the internal consistency reliability of the SKT. Principal factor analysis was performed to evaluate the factor structure of the SKT subtests. Correlation analyses were carried out to confirm the relationship between the modified SKT and standardized neuropsychological tests. The influence of age and educational years on SKT raw scores were detected using multiple regression analyses. Validations of the SKT subtests for detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from Negative Control(NC)(were determined by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves; (3) Results: The internal consistency among the subtests’ scores was high: Cronbach’s α = 0.827. The SKT memory test provided a high predictive validity in detecting aMCI with a sensitivity of 90.1% and specificity of 79.3%. (4) Conclusions: Based on our experience with 1624 elderly patients in Shanghai, the Chinese version of SKT has good stability and may be a reliable and valid screening tool for detecting MCI.

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Cross-Validation of the Newly-Normed SKT for the Detection of MCI and Dementia

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

The Newly Normed SKT Reveals Differences in Neuropsychological Profiles of Patients with MCI, Mild Dementia and Depression

The Newly Normed SKT Reveals Differences in Neuropsychological Profiles of Patients with MCI, Mild Dementia and Depression

Predicting Cognitive Decline and Dementia with the Newly Normed SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test

Validation of Chinese Version of SKT (Syndrom Kurztest): A Short Cognitive Performance Test for the Assessment of Memory and Attention

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