Cross‐validation of the Self‐care Ability Scale for Elderly (SASE) in a sample of Italian older adults

Abstract

The assessment of self-care among older adults is important as it permits the tailoring of educational interventions directed to prevent health deterioration and contrast the effects of ageing. The Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE) was developed to assess the perceived self-care ability in older adults. Its psychometric properties were tested only in Scandinavian countries and China. This research was a cross-validation of the SASE on 402 Italian adults aged 65 and older recruited in hospitals, clinics and homes, from September 2016 to February 2017. We performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on two subsamples and identified three factors, self-care ability to perform ADLs, self-care ability to achieve well-being and self-care ability to set personal goals, with a good model fit (CFI > 0.93; RMSEA = 0.07; SRMR = 0.06). We eliminated four items, however, to improve the structural validity. Internal consistency for the three factors of the Italian version of the SASE (SASE-I) ranged from 0.72 to 0.92. The test-retest reliability indicated good stability of the scale (ICC coefficient = 0.92). We assessed convergent validity by comparing the SASE-I with the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, showing moderate-to-strong correlations. In addition, the SASE-I discriminated the self-care ability in groups with different ages, levels of education and settings. Our study produced a 13-item version of the SASE with good psychometric properties that could be recommended for use in clinical practice and research after further validation on different populations and settings.

Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly

“…20) The original Swedish version of the SASE has been translated to Chinese, Italian, Norwegian, and Persian. [20][21][22][23][24] The culturally adapted versions are reliable, valid, and frequently used tools to assess self-care ability in older adults. Our study translated and adapted the SASE into Turkish according to internationally accepted guidelines.…”

“…The original Swedish version showed Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.68 and 0.88 in older patients and community-dwelling older adults, respectively. 20 ) The Cronbach’s alpha value for the Italian version ranged from 0.72 to 0.90, 23 ) while the values for the Chinese, Norwegian, and Persian versions were 0.89, 0.85, and 0.73, respectively. 21 , 22 , 24 ) The results demonstrated the acceptable to high consistency of the SASE in all cultures, including Turkey.…”

“…The Italian version compared the SASE to the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, in which the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.11 to 0.63. 23 ) Instead of the Katz and Lawton questionnaires, we compared the T-SASE to the NEADLS, the items of which were more consistent with those of the SASE. Both the Italian and Turkish versions of the SASE also showed acceptable validity.…”

“… 20 ) The validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the SASE have been reported. 4 , 20 ) The SASE was later translated into Chinese, 21 ) Norwegian, 22 ) Italian, 23 ) and Iranian 24 ) languages, and its psychometric properties were examined. However, to our knowledge, the validity and reliability of a Turkish version have not been established.…”

Assessment of Psychological Wellbeing Among Elderly Residents at Nursing Homes in Middle Euphrates

“…Previous studies showed that chronic diseases were associated significantly with perceived health status or subjective health, as well as different factors were correlated with self-reported health for different age groups. According to study (18) showed that the number of chronic diseases such as hypertension was the strongest predictor of selfrated health among elderly people aged 70 to 79 .…”