CrossFit and rhabdomyolysis: A case series of 11 patients presenting at a single academic institution

Hopkins, Ben; Li, Daniel D.; Svet, Mark; Kesavabhotla, Kartik; Dahdaleh, Nader S.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.019

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, while it has been shown that FFT does not pose a greater risk of injury when compared to traditional resistance training or other common types of physical activity [1], other health concerns for participants have been raised. Particularly, reports of exertional rhabdomyolysis, a condition characterized by muscle necrosis followed by the release of intracellular muscle contents into the circulation, have increased following FFT sessions [5,33]. As the condition occurs in response to non-familiar and/or excessive, prolonged, or repetitive exercise, coaches and practitioners can match their training prescription to the desired exertion level, minimizing the risk of such a negative outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Perceived Exertion a Useful Indicator of the Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses to a Metabolic Conditioning Session of Functional Fitness?

Tibana

Sousa²,

Prestes

et al. 2019

Sports

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The purpose of this study was to assess whether the self-regulation of training intensity based on rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a reliable method to control the intensity during metabolic conditioning sessions of functional fitness. In addition, the relationship between RPE and the changes in heart rate, number of repetitions, and lactate responses was also analyzed. Eight male participants (age 28.1 ± 5.4 years; body mass 77.2 ± 4.4 kg; VO2 max: 52.6 ± 4.6 mL·(kg·min)−1 completed two sessions (five to seven days apart), in a randomized order, under different conditions, as follows: (1) all-out (ALL), or (2) self-regulation of intensity based on an RPE of six (hard) on the Borg CR-10 scale (RPE6). The rating of perceived exertion, lactate (LAC), and heart rate (HR) response were measured before, during, and immediately after the sessions. The RPE and LAC during the all-out sessions were higher (p < 0.0005) than the RPE6 session for all of the analyzed time points during the session. There was no difference in the HR area under the curve for the all-out and RPE6 sessions. The average number of repetitions performed was lower (p ≤ 0.009) for the RPE6 session (190.5 ± 12.5 repetitions) when compared to the all-out session (214.4 ± 18.6 repetitions). There was a significant correlation between the RPE and LAC (p = 0.005; r = 0.66; large) and number of repetitions during the session (p = 0.026; r = 0.55; large). No correlation was observed between the RPE and HR (p = 0.147; r = 0.380). These results indicate that the self-regulation of intensity of effort based on the RPE may be a useful tool to control the exercise intensity during a metabolic conditioning session of functional fitness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Perceived Exertion a Useful Indicator of the Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses to a Metabolic Conditioning Session of Functional Fitness?

Tibana

Sousa²,

Prestes

et al. 2019

Sports

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“…Hopkins, Li, Svet, Kesavabhotla, and Dahdaleh (2019) examined 523 patients incurred injuries associated with CrossFit activities [19] . They reported, that 11 patients received a diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis.…”

Section: Crossfit – Rhabdomyolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

CrossFit® – Development, Benefits and Risks

Wagener

Hoppe

Hotfiel

et al. 2020

Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology

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“…It is well known that sudden high-intensity exercise can cause exertional rhabdomyolysis. Little exercise experience, eccentric muscle contraction, history of electrolyte abnormality, low protein diet, statin, alcohol use, and creatine supplementation are associated with increased risk for development of rhabdomyolysis [4]. Amidst numerous metabolic benefits, CrossFit training can cause exertional rhabdomyolysis, especially in beginners who do extensive sessions without initial warmup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several case reports of rhabdomyolysis that developed after CrossFit training [3,4]. Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by the breakdown of muscle tissue and spilling of intramyocellular contents into the systemic circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis After CrossFit Exercise

Adhikari¹,

Hari²,

Morel³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Multiple studies have reported the metabolic benefits of high-intensity exercise programs like CrossFit. If these high-intensity exercises are not done in a proper structured pattern, adverse outcomes like rhabdomyolysis can occur. Here we discuss a case of a patient who undertook one session of CrossFit exercise and developed exertional rhabdomyolysis. A 22-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency department with complaints of generalized body ache and passage of dark-colored urine. His symptoms began after two days of an exhaustive session of CrossFit exercise. Blood test in the emergency showed elevated creatine kinase (CK) of 132,540 units per liter (U/L), normal renal function (creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), and normal serum electrolytes. His clinical symptoms and lab findings were consistent with exertional rhabdomyolysis. He was treated with aggressive intravenous fluids and oral hydration therapy. He did not develop any complication and he was discharged on the sixth day. This case report demonstrates a possible preventable rhabdomyolysis that developed secondary to undue participation in CrossFit exercise.

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CrossFit and rhabdomyolysis: A case series of 11 patients presenting at a single academic institution

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Is Perceived Exertion a Useful Indicator of the Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses to a Metabolic Conditioning Session of Functional Fitness?

Is Perceived Exertion a Useful Indicator of the Metabolic and Cardiovascular Responses to a Metabolic Conditioning Session of Functional Fitness?

CrossFit® – Development, Benefits and Risks

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis After CrossFit Exercise

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