Crossing new frontiers: extending tephrochronology as a global geoscientific research tool

Abbott, Peter M; Jensen, Britta J.L.; Lowe, David J.; Suzuki, Takehiko; Vereș, Daniel

doi:10.1002/jqs.3184

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…In tephrochronology (Lowe, 2011) ash layers of known age and origin can be used as reliable dating tools and correlation targets. This approach plays an increasingly important role in Quaternary stratigraphy (see Abbott et al, 2020 and references therein) as for example, the accuracy of luminescence numerical dating, the choice of method of dating the emplacement time of loess deposits is still impacted by many limiting factors such as large offsets between the different methods currently applied on the same sample (Avram et al, 2020), or even between different grain-size aliquots (e.g., Timar-Gabor et al, 2011;Veres et al, 2018). The most prominent tephra layer preserved in Eastern European loess and archeological deposits is the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y5 tephra (Veres et al, 2013;Giaccio et al, 2017).…”

Section: Tephra Layers As Widespread Marker Horizons Using Magnetic Proxies To Highlight the Presence Of Tephra Layers In Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Paleoclimate Proxy Record for the Middle Danube Basin Over the Last 430 kyr: A Rock Magnetic and Colorimetric Study of the Zemun Loess-Paleosol Sequence

et al. 2021

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In mid-latitude Eurasia, loess-paleosol sequences (LPS) provide the most widespread sedimentary records of Quaternary paleoenvironmental evolution. In the Middle Danube Basin (MDB), these archives cover at least the last million years of climate history, and occasionally contain archeological findings. The studied Zemun LPS is located on the right bank of the Danube in Northern Serbia. The site was declared as a protected site, based on Paleolithic artifacts found on the riverbank and stemming from unknown stratigraphic levels of the loess cliffs exposed along the Danube. The present study aims to provide a stratigraphic, paleoenvironmental, and temporal context for the Zemun LPS by means of environmental magnetic and colorimetric methods. Our investigations result in a chronostratigraphic scheme allowing direct comparison with other well-established reference records in the MDB and elsewhere. Two potential tephra layers tentatively assigned to the so-called L2 and Bag tephras, which are both widespread in the MDB and beyond were investigated for their bulk magnetic properties. The resulting integrated age model suggests that the Zemun LPS records a detailed history of a quasi-continuous accumulation of mineral dust from Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 11–5a (c. 430–60 ka). The outcome of our integrative approach indicates a continuous aridification over the last four interglacial/glacial cycles and we discuss potential changes in seasonality over time.

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Section: Tephra Layers As Widespread Marker Horizons Using Magnetic Proxies To Highlight the Presence Of Tephra Layers In Loessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Detailed Paleoclimate Proxy Record for the Middle Danube Basin Over the Last 430 kyr: A Rock Magnetic and Colorimetric Study of the Zemun Loess-Paleosol Sequence

et al. 2021

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“…Most of these have signi cant age uncertainty or debatable H. sapiens apomorphy 10 . A principal method for constraining the fossil ages is the use of single-crystal 40 Ar/ 39 Ar isotope dating applied to stratigraphically-associated volcanic ash (tephra) beds [11][12][13] . Some tephra deposits consist largely of glass and lack suitable crystals for dating.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of the oldest Homo sapiens from eastern Africa

Vidal¹,

Lane²,

Asrat³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Efforts to date the oldest modern human fossils in East Africa, from Omo-Kibish and Herto in Ethiopia, have drawn on a variety of chronometric evidence, including 40Ar/39Ar ages of stratigraphically-associated tuffs. The generally-accepted ages for these fossils are ca. 196 thousand years (ka) for the Kibish Omo I and ca. 160-155 ka for the Herto hominins. However, stratigraphic relationships and tephra correlations that underpin these estimates have been challenged. Here, we report new geochemical analyses that link the Kamoya Hominin Site (KHS) Tuff, which conclusively overlies the Kibish Formation member containing Omo I, with a major explosive eruption of Shala volcano in the Main Ethiopian Rift. By dating the proximal deposits of this eruption, we obtain a new minimum age for the Omo fossils of 212±16 ka. Contrary to previous arguments, we also show that the KHS Tuff does not correlate with another widespread tephra layer, the Wadaido Vitric Tuff (WAVT), and therefore cannot anchor a minimum age for the Herto fossils. Shifting the age of the oldest known Homo sapiens fossils in eastern Africa to before ~200 ka is consistent with several independent lines of evidence for greater antiquity to the modern human lineage.

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“…To build a consistent chronostratigraphic framework, it is common practice to investigate loess-palaeosol deposits with a multidisciplinary approach. In addition to magnetostratigraphy, a reliable geochronology, biostratigraphy and tephrochronology are mandatory to interpret the results of such investigations [28,[303][304][305][306].…”

Section: Promising Geochronometric Tools For Further Development Of a Unified Ukrainian-danube Loess Stratigraphic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early–Middle Pleistocene Magnetostratigraphic and Rock Magnetic Records of the Dolynske Section (Lower Danube, Ukraine) and Their Application to the Correlation of Loess–Palaeosol Sequences in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe

Hlavatskyi

Бахмутов

2021

Quaternary

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We present new palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic results with a stratigraphic interpretation of the late Early–Middle Pleistocene deposits exposed on the left bank of the River Danube at Dolynske, southern Ukraine. A thick succession of water-lain facies is succeeded by reddish-brown clayey soils, topped by a high-resolution loess–palaeosol sequence. These constitute one of the most complete recently discovered palaeoclimate archives in the Lower Danube Basin. The suggested stratigraphy is based on the position of the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary, rock magnetic, palaeopedological and sedimentological proxies, and it is confidently correlated with other loess records in the region (Roksolany and Kurortne), as well as with the marine isotope stratigraphy. The magnetic susceptibility records and palaeosol characteristics at Dolynske show an outstanding pattern that is transitional between eastern and south-eastern European loess records. Our data confirm that the well-developed S4 soil unit in Ukraine, and S5 units in Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia, correlate with the warm MIS 11. Furthermore, we suggest the correlation of rubified S6 palaeosols in Romania and Bulgaria and the V-S7–V-S8 double palaeosol in Serbia with S6 in Ukraine, a strong Mediterranean-type palaeosol which corresponds to MIS 15. Our new results do not support the hypothesis of a large magnetic lock-in depth like that previously interpreted for the Danube loess, and they prove that the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary is located within the palaeosol unit corresponding to MIS 19. The proposed stratigraphic correlation scheme may serve as a potential basis for further regional and global Pleistocene climatic reconstructions.

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Crossing new frontiers: extending tephrochronology as a global geoscientific research tool

Cited by 18 publications

References 78 publications

A Detailed Paleoclimate Proxy Record for the Middle Danube Basin Over the Last 430 kyr: A Rock Magnetic and Colorimetric Study of the Zemun Loess-Paleosol Sequence

A Detailed Paleoclimate Proxy Record for the Middle Danube Basin Over the Last 430 kyr: A Rock Magnetic and Colorimetric Study of the Zemun Loess-Paleosol Sequence

Age of the oldest Homo sapiens from eastern Africa

Early–Middle Pleistocene Magnetostratigraphic and Rock Magnetic Records of the Dolynske Section (Lower Danube, Ukraine) and Their Application to the Correlation of Loess–Palaeosol Sequences in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe

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