When people perceive a threat to the self, they have a tendency to respond with negative emotions. Which specific negative emotion will predominate depends on the nature of the threat and how it is interpreted. Feelings of angst will emerge when a person experiences an intense concern that something negative will befall the self in the future (Barlow, 1988). According to social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), people can define themselves at either the personal level or the social identity level. When an important social identity is salient, the individual comes to think, feel, and act on the basis of his or her membership in that social group-to the extent that he or she has internalized that group membership as an aspect of the self. In line with social identity theory, we argue in this chapter that angst can be experienced not only at the level of the personal self but also as a result of perceived threats to a group to which one belongs. We focus on people's emotional responses when they perceive threats to the future of their ingroup; that is, when people respond to threat with collective angst.Although the study of emotion has traditionally been examined at the level of the personal self, group researchers have begun to illustrate how some important emotions are dependent on a different aspect of the self being salient: the social self (Smith, 1993;Wohl, Branscombe, & Klar, 2006). Whereas other chapters in this volume examine the self at the level of personal identity and explore means of transcending egoistic responses to threat, we explore the social self and the emotional response of collective angst as a response to threat experienced at the group level. We begin by considering the antecedent conditions that elicit collective angst; specifically, we examine the impact of threats to group distinctiveness in the present, as well as reminders of ingroup victimization in the past, for the experience of collective angst. We then turn to the potential social consequences that can stem from the experience of collective angst. We argue that reminders of historical victimization initiate ingroup defensive responses that result in group-level egoistic tendencies. Attention