Crosslinkable polymers for optical waveguide devices. II. Fluorinated ether ketone oligomers bearing ethynyl group at the chain end

Abstract

Fluorinated ether ketone oligomers bearing a crosslinkable ethynyl group at the chain end have been investigated for low-loss polymer optical waveguide devices. These oligomers are designed to achieve low birefringence and were synthesized by the reaction of 4,4Ј-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol with an excess decafluorobenzophenone, followed by reaction with (phenylethynyl)phenol or ethynylphenol. The molecular weights (M n s) and polydispersities of the oligomers determined by GPC with polystyrene standard are in the range of 6600 -8500 g/mol and 1.79 -2.04, respectively. By spin coating and thermal crosslinking, the polymer solutions easily provide the good optical quality thin films. The cured films show good chemical resistance and high thermal stability up to 460°C under nitrogen. At 1.55 m wavelength, the refractive index and birefringence of the films show in the range of 1.5104 -1.5172 and 0.0078 -0.0014, respectively. The propagation loss of the single-mode channel waveguide was measured to be less than 0.5 dB/cm at 1.55 m.

Reaction–diffusion model for the preparation of polymer gratings by patterned ultraviolet illumination

“…Here, p ϭ1Ϫ 1 , with 1 the monomer 1 volume fraction. The number of segments of the monomer and the polymer molecules are given by 1 and p , respectively. Here, a segment is a volume unit that corresponds to the smallest monomer unit in the system, and should not be confused with a monomer unit in general in a system that contains monomers of different sizes.…”

“…Following again the Flory-Huggins theory, the chemical potential 1 illum of monomer 1 is given by the following expressions: 9…”

“…[1][2][3] In this article polymer gratings are discussed. Essential for these devices is that they have some sort of distribution in either the refractive index or the film thickness.…”

Science and technology of perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether polymers

“…52 Planar waveguide technology, in particular, is being researched as a solution to the traffic jam from long haul, oversea delivery of information to the short, metropolitan connection. 53 Polymers including polyacrylates, 54,55 polyimides, 56,57 polyethers, 58,59 and polysiloxanes 60,61 fill this requirement over inorganic counterparts because of their well-known optical properties, ease of processing, cost effectiveness, flexibility, toughness, tunability, and long term stability. However, in such systems CÀ ÀH vibration becomes the most significant role of attenuation in the near infrared (NIR) region.…”

Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated crosslinkable poly(phthalazinone ether)s bearing tetrafluorostyrene groups for optical waveguides

“…3,17 In previous research, we synthesized a series of fluorinated poly(phthalazinone ether)s 18 and a crosslinked poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) bearing tetrafluorostyrene groups. 19 We previously demonstrated that fluorinated poly(phthalazinone ether)s had inherently low optical losses and good refractive index controllability, whereas the crosslinked poly (phthalazinone ether ketone) had low birefringence and good adhesion with semiconductor substrates.…”