Crosslinked anion exchange membranes with primary diamine-based crosslinkers for vanadium redox flow battery application

Suc, Min; Jeong, Hwan Yeop; Shin, Hee Young; Hong, Soo Hyun; Kim, Tae Ho; Oh, Seong‐Geun; Lee, Jang Yong; Hong, Young Taik

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.07.068

Cited by 80 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Voltage efficiencies (VEs) are governed by the ohmic resistances between two electrodes, which are mainly affected by the membrane resistance, corresponding to its ionic conductivity [35]. As shown in Figure 6b, the Nafion membrane showed the highest VE irrespective of the current density, correlating with its highest conductivity among the membranes tested in this study.…”

Section: Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Novel Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Poly(Pentafluorostyrene) Substituted with Mercaptotetrazole Pendant Groups and Its Blend with Polybenzimidazole for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications

et al. 2020

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In order to evaluate the performance of the anion exchange membranes in a vanadium redox flow battery, a novel anion exchange polymer was synthesized via a three step process. Firstly, 1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-5-mercaptotetrazole was grafted onto poly(pentafluorostyrene) by nucleophilic F/S exchange. Secondly, the tertiary amino groups were quaternized by using iodomethane to provide anion exchange sites. Finally, the synthesized polymer was blended with polybenzimidazole to be applied in vanadium redox flow battery. The blend membranes exhibited better single cell battery performance in terms of efficiencies, open circuit voltage test and charge-discharge cycling test than that of a Nafion 212 membrane. The battery performance results of synthesized blend membranes suggest that those novel anion exchange membranes are promising candidates for vanadium redox flow batteries.Polymers 2020, 12, 915 2 of 14 and superior chemical stability; however, it has been found that Nafion ® type membranes suffer from high vanadium ion cross-over, resulting in fast capacity fade when used in VRFBs [4,5].In the last decade, interest in using AEMs in various applications, such as alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells [6], alkaline anion exchange membrane water electrolysis [7], ionic polymer membrane actuators [8], dye-sensitized solar cells [9], CO 2 pumps [10] and redox flow batteries [11] has strongly increased. In a recent review paper, the number of journal articles published in the field of anion exchange membranes was analyzed using Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED), showing a steady growth since 2007 [12]. The significant advantage of AEMs when applied in a VRFB is that their positively charged fixed ion groups (commonly quaternary ammonium) exclude positively charged, strongly oxidizing vanadium ions from the membrane interior due to the Donnan exclusion effect, leading to extremely low vanadium ion cross-over [11].Additionally, modified poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PPFSt) was applied in proton exchange membrane fuel cells as sulfonated [13] or phosphonated [14] CEMs, exhibiting outstanding oxidative and thermal stabilities, which were better than those of their non-fluorinated styrene polymer analogs due to the higher bond strengths of the C-F bonds compared to those of C-H bonds [15]. The outstanding stability of PPFSt-based CEMs inspired us to find a route to prepare a PPFSt-based anion exchange polymer with the advantages of AEMs. Introducing spacer units between the polymer backbone and the side chains in an AEM was thought to lead to an enhanced ion-conductivity, which might be facilitated by an improved phase separation between the hydrophobic polymer backbone and the cation-carrying side chains [16]. Tetrazole tethered polymers showed an improved conductivity compared to that of tetramethylammonium-based quaternized poly(phenylene oxide) AEMs, which is thought to be caused by the long-range hydrogen bond network formation by the tetrazole moiety contributing to the ion conductivity [17].In this study, we synthesize...

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Section: Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Novel Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Poly(Pentafluorostyrene) Substituted with Mercaptotetrazole Pendant Groups and Its Blend with Polybenzimidazole for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications

et al. 2020

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“…Consequently, PE-reinforced AEMs based on cross-linked QPS-QPPO were successfully fabricated. PErC (5) QPS-QPPO showed the optimal electrochemical properties for use in the RED. The membrane resistance was much lower than that of the commercial AEM (AMV).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Ar-H of a PS repeat unit (6.5-7.1 ppm, m, 4H). 5,30 2.2.2. Synthesis of brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4phenylene oxide) (brPPO).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Membrane 221 Synthesis Of Chloromethylated Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among various energy conversion technologies based on sustainable energy sources, reverse electrodialysis (RED) has received attention as a promising non-polluting, sustainable technology because of its advantages, such as being an unlimited and clean energy source with a simple system conguration and moderate system cost. [1][2][3][4][5] RED is an energy conversion system that converts the Gibbs free energy from mixing saline water and fresh water to electrical energy. The RED stack consists of a number of single cells composed of an end plate, electrode, spacer, and redox couple that converts chemical energy to electrical energy, and two kinds of ion exchange membranes (IEMs), i.e., a cation exchange membrane (CEM) that is permeable to positive ions and an anion exchange membrane (AEM) that is only permeable to negative ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous study, a simple cross-linking method using a primary diamine-based cross-linker to improve mechanical and chemical stability of an AEM was reported. 5,12,28 Primary diamine-based cross-linkers are considered more effective materials than tertiary diamine-based crosslinkers as the cross-linker acts only as a cross-linker without increasing the ion exchange capacity (IEC). The degree of crosslinking is optimized herein to achieve a high quality membrane by varying the amount of cross-linker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reinforced anion exchange membrane based on thermal cross-linking method with outstanding cell performance for reverse electrodialysis

Lee

Suc

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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The Structure–Activity Relationship in Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Jiang

Xiang

et al. 2019

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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IntroductionWith the rapid increase of consumption of fossil fuels and the consequent environment pollution, there is an urgent need for the development and effective utilization of renewable energy sources like wind, solar, biomass, etc. However, these renewable energy sources are intermittent in nature, leading to the conflict between the seasonal and unstable electricity generation and requirement of the continuous and stable power supply for the end application. Thereby, energy storage Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are regarded as one of the most promising electrochemical technologies for grid-connected renewable energy storage systems. The performance of VRFBs, however, strongly depends on the membrane, one of the key components of VRFBs with critical dual functions of promotion of diffusion of active species (H + , H 3 O + , SO 4 2−, or SO 4 H − ) and inhibition of crossover of vanadium ions. This is intrinsically related to the microstructure of membranes. For example, large and connected ionic clusters or pores in membranes are favorable for the ion transfer, but detrimental to the ion selectivity. While small and isolated hydrophilic ion clusters or pores suppress the water uptake and ion transfer, the decreased swelling ratio would enhance chemical stability of membrane. Thus, comprehensive strategies are required to realize the optimal balance between the ion selectivity, proton conductivity, and chemical stability. This review focuses on the effects of microstructure of membranes on the ion transfer and the chemical stability, including introduction of the rigid groups, electron-withdrawing groups, and hydrophobic backbones, are reviewed. The prospect of the development of membranes with high ion selectivity and high-performance VRFBs is discussed.

show abstract

Crosslinked anion exchange membranes with primary diamine-based crosslinkers for vanadium redox flow battery application

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Novel Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Poly(Pentafluorostyrene) Substituted with Mercaptotetrazole Pendant Groups and Its Blend with Polybenzimidazole for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications

Novel Anion Exchange Membrane Based on Poly(Pentafluorostyrene) Substituted with Mercaptotetrazole Pendant Groups and Its Blend with Polybenzimidazole for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications

Reinforced anion exchange membrane based on thermal cross-linking method with outstanding cell performance for reverse electrodialysis

The Structure–Activity Relationship in Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

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