Crosslinked chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-based polyelectrolytes for proton exchange membranes

Cháfer, Amparo; Teruel-Juanes, R.; Arenga, F.; Salaberria, Asier M.; Baschetti, Marco Giacinti; Labidi, Jalel; Badía, J.D.; Ribes‐Greus, A.

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.06.003

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…(iii) Unlike chitin, Chit is soluble in water under slightly acidic conditions due to the presence of ammine groups in diluted organic acids [5][6][7]. This allows gel formation in various configurations [8]. (iv) It has good film-forming properties due to the presence of intra-and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding [9].…”

Section: Why Chitosan?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(v) The presence of polar functional groups in the structure, specifically hydroxyl (-OH), primary amine (-NH 2 ), and ether (C-O-C) groups, facilitates the chemical modifications of chitosan and the tailored synthesis of Chit-based materials for specific applications [10][11][12]. Owing to the very low proton conductivity of pristine chitosan (about 1.2 × 10 −2 S cm −1 at 25 • C [8]), chemical modification of the polymer has been intensively exploited in recent years to generate ion-exchange sites to improve proton/ionic conductivity of the composite material [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Why Chitosan?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Bocchetta

2020

Molecules

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(1) Background: Ionotropic gelation of cost-effective and eco-friendly biopolymer chitosan (Chit) is a novel and promising approach to the one-step synthesis of proton-conducting fuel cell bio-membranes.The method discovered by the author in 2011 and subsequently drowned among very few papers. This work aimed to relaunch this method through clear and effective communication of new unpublished results emphasizing the key aspects of this topic for successful dissemination of the results and significant future developments. (2) Methods and results: The mechanism of in-situ ionotropic gelation of Chit on an alumina substrate by phosphotungtate anions (PWA3−) was discussed and analyzed. The study sheds light on the effect of prolonged post-treatment in phosphotungstic acid (PWA) solution on the obtained chitosan/phosphotungstate (Chit-PWA) flat structures. Methods used included combined structural (XRD), thermal-gravimetric (DTG), electrochemical (in-situ EIS), compositional (EDX),morphological analysis (SEM), as well as the performances in a low temperature H2/O2 fuel cell(4) Conclusions: This contribution discloses novel possibilities aimed at increasing the impact of ionotropic gelation of chitosan on the scientific community working on the synthesis of novel proton conductive bio-composite membranes and structures.

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Section: Why Chitosan?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Chitosan?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Bocchetta

2020

Molecules

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“…From a structural point of view, Chit is well known to behave as a semi-flexible rod (or stiff coil), with a calculated persistence length, l p , of ~ 16 nm down to 7 nm, as previously demonstrated [ 15 ]. These properties allow the development of easy procedures for gel formation [ 16 ] and chemical modification of Chit-based structures [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: An Overview Of Chitosan Properties and Methods Of Synthesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan Flat Structures and Potential Applications

et al. 2021

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The capability of some polymers, such as chitosan, to form low cost gels under mild conditions is of great application interest. Ionotropic gelation of chitosan has been used predominantly for the preparation of gel beads for biomedical application. Only in the last few years has the use of this method been extended to the fabrication of chitosan-based flat structures. Herein, after an initial analysis of the major applications of chitosan flat membranes and films and their usual methods of synthesis, the process of ionotropic gelation of chitosan and some recently proposed novel procedures for the synthesis of flat structures are presented.

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“…Thereby, the development of more affordable PEMs based on hydrocarbon structures of sulfonated aromatic polymers may involve incentive and cost‐effective opportunities in this field. Numerous examples of potential membrane materials functionalized with sulfonic groups have been proposed and can be found in the recent related bibliography such as poly(ether‐ether ketones), 4–7 poly(vinyl alcohol), 8–12 polyimides, 13–16 poly(benzimidazoles), 17–20 poly(phosphazenes) 21–23 or polystyrene‐block copolymers 24–27 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triblock SEBS/DVB crosslinked and sulfonated membranes: Fuel cell performance and conductivity

Teruel-Juanes

Río

Cháfer

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A set of styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) membranes with 10 or 25 wt% divinyl‐benzene (DVB) as a crosslinking agent were prepared and validated. Physicochemical characterization revealed suitable hydrolytic and thermal stability of photo‐crosslinked membranes containing 25 wt% DVB and post‐sulfonated. These compositions were evaluated in H2/O2 single cells, and electrical and proton conductivities were furtherly assessed. The membranes with the milder post‐sulfonation showed greater proton conductivity than those with excessive sulfonation. In terms of electrical conductivity, a universal power law was applied, and the values obtained were low enough for being used as polyelectrolytes. At the analyzed temperatures, the charge transport process follows a long‐range pathway or vehicular model. Finally, fuel cell performance revealed the best behavior for the membrane with 25 wt% DVB, photo‐crosslinked during 30 min and mild sulfonated, with a promising power density of 526 mW·cm−2. Overall, the results obtained highlight the promising fuel cell performance of these cost‐effective triblock copolymer‐based membranes and indicate that higher sulfonation does not necessarily imply better power density.

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Crosslinked chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-based polyelectrolytes for proton exchange membranes

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan for Next-Generation Composite Proton Conducting Flat Structures

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan Flat Structures and Potential Applications

Triblock SEBS/DVB crosslinked and sulfonated membranes: Fuel cell performance and conductivity

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