Crosslinked Polyethylene: State-of-the-Art and New Challenges

Thomas, Jince; Thomas, Minu Elizabeth; Thomas, Sabu

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0514-7_1

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The present review discusses a few effective XLPE recycling techniques. 14 3.a. Chemical Recycling or Feedstock Recycling of Polymer Wastes.…”

Section: Recycling Of Cross-linked Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 It is effective to incorporate dynamic exchange bonds into the polyolefin cross-linking system to achieve significant worth utilization and recycling of crosslinked forms of polyolefins. 14 In cross-linked polyethylene, instead of chemical cross-linking methods preparing materials with irreversible cross-linked bonds like organic peroxide-based and silane-based methods, by the complex decomposition reaction with a bis(dioxaborolane) cross-linker, polyethylene vitrimers with dynamic covalent bonds with response to external stimuli with recyclability, repairability, and reprocessability are developed, which can retain all the properties imparted by the irreversible cross-link covalent network. 24 Achieving molecular debonding can be accomplished through stimuli-triggered degradation or the incorporation of dynamic covalent bonds within the networks.…”

Section: Recycling Of Cross-linked Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different ultrasonically devulcanized rubber's gel fraction-cross-link density correlations were examined, and the findings suggested that the ultrasound may lead to a selective breakdown of crosslinks. 14,30 The breakdown of cross-links is favored mostly because of the distinction between the primary bonds and cross-links in terms of bond energy. The sort of bond breakdown that occurred during the XHDPE's ultrasonic decross-linking process highlighted the structural elements driving this process and also provided a way to produce decross-linked XHDPE with higher mechanical qualities.…”

Section: Recycling Of Cross-linked Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irreversible covalent linkages in the network, however, mean that these polymer's reprocessability and recyclability are compromised in contrast to those of thermoplastics. 13,14 Here is the main goal of chemical recycling, often referred to as tertiary recycling or feedstock recycling where waste polymers can be transformed into their original monomers or other valuable compounds. 14 3.b.…”

Section: Recycling Of Cross-linked Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Properties of Virgin Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Recycled Peroxide Cross-Linked Polyethylene, and Recycled Silane Cross-Linked Polyethylene14 …”

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confidence: 99%

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Review on Recycling of Cross-Linked Polyethylene

Selvin,

Shah,

Maria

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Cross-linked polyethylene is one of the most widely used thermosetting plastics. Due to its low cost, lightweight, and exceptional insulation properties against electricity and heat, it is frequently used as an insulation material for wires and cables. This polymer attracted interest in several different applications, including building services, piping systems, hydronic radiant heating, cooling systems, etc. However, because XLPE is a thermosetting plastic with limited fluidity and poor moldability, recycling this cross-linked form of polyethylene is extremely important. Due to irreversible covalent cross-linking, recycling XLPE is a very challenging task, and it can contribute to serious environmental issues, including soil and air pollution because most of this industrial waste is buried in landfills or removed by incineration. Therefore, recycling this kind of material with a crosslinked network structure is highly problematic. Therefore, we need an energyefficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly recycling process to safeguard our ecosystem. In this article, we are systematically reviewing the recent advances in the recycling of XLPE. The major challenges are also discussed.

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“…The present review discusses a few effective XLPE recycling techniques. 14 3.a. Chemical Recycling or Feedstock Recycling of Polymer Wastes.…”

Section: Recycling Of Cross-linked Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling Of Cross-linked Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling Of Cross-linked Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling Of Cross-linked Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Properties of Virgin Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Recycled Peroxide Cross-Linked Polyethylene, and Recycled Silane Cross-Linked Polyethylene14 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Recycling of Cross-Linked Polyethylene

Selvin,

Shah,

Maria

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Crosslinking of polyethylene with polysilsesquioxane via carbamate linkages: Synthesis, shape recovery, and reprocessing properties

Hu,

Gao,

Hang

et al. 2024

Journal of Polymer Science

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In this contribution, we reported the crosslinking of polyethylene (PE) with dynamic silyl ether bonds. First, polycyclooctene copolymers bearing hydroxyl groups were synthesized via the ring‐opening metathesis copolymerization of cyclooctene with 5‐norbornene‐2‐methanol. The hydroxy‐functionalized polycyclooctene copolymers were further hydrogenated into the corresponding hydroxy‐functionalized PE copolymers. The PE copolymers were allowed to react with 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane to obtain the PE copolymers bearing triethoxysilane groups. By taking advantage of hydrolysis and condensation of triethoxysilane groups grafted onto PE chains, the PE copolymers were well crosslinked; polysilsesquioxane (PSSQ) segments behaved as the crosslinking linkages in the networks. Notably, the PE networks were reprocessable (or recyclable) while zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate [Zn(OTf)2] was incorporated. The reprocessing properties of the PE networks were quite dependent on the crosslinking densities. The reprocessing behavior of the networks is attributable to the introduction of two dynamic chemistries: (i) the metathesis of silyl ether bonds which was catalyzed with Zn(OTf)2 and (ii) transcarbamoylation of carbamates which was catalyzed with dibutyltin dilaurate. Owing to the crosslinking, the PE networks displayed excellent shape memory properties. For the shape memory networks, notably, the original shapes can be reprogrammed with the aid of the exchange of the dynamic covalent bonds introduced into the systems.

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Circular Cross-Linked Polyethylene Enabled by In-Chain Ketones

Morgen,

Mecking

2024

ACS Macro Lett.

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Cross-linked polyethylenes (PEs) are widely employed, but the permanent links between the chains impede recycling. We show that via imine formation with diamines ketofunctionalized polyethylenes from both free-radical (keto-lowdensity PE, keto-LDPE) and catalytic (keto-high-density PE, keto-HDPE) nonalternating ethylene-CO copolymerization can be cross-linked efficiently in the melt, resulting in gel fractions of the formed cross-linked PEs of up to 85% and improved tensile properties. The imine-based cross-links in the material can be hydrolyzed at 140 °C to recycle up to 97% of the initial thermoplastic keto-polyethylene. Low keto contents of ≤1.5 mol % are found ideal to retain PE-like thermal properties, achieve sufficient cross-link density, and maintain circular recyclability.

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Crosslinked Polyethylene: State-of-the-Art and New Challenges

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Review on Recycling of Cross-Linked Polyethylene

Review on Recycling of Cross-Linked Polyethylene

Crosslinking of polyethylene with polysilsesquioxane via carbamate linkages: Synthesis, shape recovery, and reprocessing properties

Circular Cross-Linked Polyethylene Enabled by In-Chain Ketones

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