Crosslinking and degradation processes in the interaction between polyethylene and sulphur

Dogadkin, B.A.; Dontsov, A.A.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(65)90482-x

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Developing novel composite materials from elemental sulfur offers an exciting new direction in chemistry, materials science and chemical engineering . Sulfur is the major by‐product of hydrodesulfurization and sour gas processing intended to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites

Jena¹,

Alhassan²

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Elemental sulfur represents a largely unutilized resource for high performance materials development. In this context, elemental sulfur was investigated as reinforcing agent for high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites via extrusion. We were able to produce homogenous composites with sulfur content up to 30 wt %. Compounding was done at 1908C well above the polymerization temperature of elemental sulfur. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy showed that sulfur did not undergo chemical reaction with HDPE. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy showed that sulfur exists in its most stable allotrope, cyclooctasulfur (S 8 ). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that sulfur is present in non-orthorhombic crystal and X-ray diffraction confirms the same. Results suggest that sulfur is predominantly in its cyclooctasulfur allotrope and occupies the amorphous region of HDPE. According to TEM and SEM microscopy, the composites were of high quality, smooth and without distinguishable defects. Quality and smoothness of composites depend on the experimental parameters and sulfur loading. The addition of elemental sulfur significantly improved the elongation at break of the composites from 835 to 1202% (43% increases with 15 wt % sulfur) despite the obvious fact that HDPE possess an already impressive elongation at break quality. Such phenomena have not been reported in the literature. The improved composites would be suitable for a variety of engineering applications. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43060.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites

Jena¹,

Alhassan²

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Finally, polyolefin dehydrogenation offers the possibility of further functionalization by electrophilic addition, cross-linking, or olefin metathesis. Early work showed that PE can be dehydrogenated in the presence of sulfur at 200–250 °C, , while sulfur-mediated PP dehydrogenation can be catalyzed by zinc sulfide . More recently, Coates and Goldman have demonstrated that pincer-ligated iridium complexes can dehydrate poly(1-hexene) and PE in a solution of p -xylene with norbornene (as a sacrificial hydrogen acceptor) at 150 °C (Figure E).…”

Section: Polyolefins and Polystyrene As Raw Materials For Functional ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyolefins and Polystyrene as Chemical Resources for a Sustainable Future: Challenges, Advances, and Prospects

Yeung

Teo

Loh

et al. 2021

ACS Materials Lett.

141

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Nonbiodegradable plastics with inert and saturated C−C backbones comprise the majority of global annual plastics produced, including the ubiquitous polyolefins (polyethylene and polypropylene) and polystyrene. Unlike polymers with cleavable bonds, such as polyesters, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates, these inert plastics are the most challenging to upcycle and cannot be easily broken down by chemical or enzymatic means. Thus, they mostly end up in landfills or are incinerated to produce copious amounts of greenhouse emissions. In recent years, increased research effort has been focused toward the upcycling of low-value plastic waste to give them a new lease of life. However, the unreactive C−C polymer backbones of these plastics have posed formidable challenges for attempts at post-synthetic chemical functionalization and conversion into commodity chemicals. In this Perspective, we discuss these inert plastics as large untapped resources for the production of new functional polymeric materials and valuable industrially relevant feedstock, such as dicarboxylic acids and aromatic compounds. The exciting pioneering work featured herein will hopefully inspire a change in the way we view these waste plastics from a chemical deadend to versatile raw materials, forming the basis of a more sustainable materials economy.

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“…On the basis of the compositions and thermal transformations and the properties of the polymers, such as IR spectra, including photoacoustic IR spectra, ESR spectra [26], X-ray patterns, electroconductivity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cyclic voltammetry [26] data, it has been concluded [25,26] that the obtained products contain blocks of polymeric carbon sulfide 16, its polyene-polysulfide tautomers 17-19 (including those with dithiolodithiole-3,6-diylidene structures 17a,b cross-linked by di-and polysulfide bonds), ladder poly(thien0 [3,24]thiophene) 18 and related parquet poly(naphthothienothiophene) blocks 19 (Scheme 4). The DSC curve of a representative sample (Figure la) with the sulfur content corresponding roughly to a 1:l mixture of the poly(thienothi0phene) 18 and poly (naphthothienothiophene) 19 structures (S content 49.6%) demonstrates that the polymer is stable up to -480°C.…”

Section: Sulfurization Of Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfurization of Polymers: A Novel Access to Electroactive and Conducting Materials

Трофимов

2003

Sulfur reports

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The article is a concise analysis of the author's group's systematic exploration of the scope and potential of a new general approach to the synthesis of sulfur-rich polyconjugated polymers by direct dehydrogenative sulfurization of common polymers (polyethylene, polyacetylene, polystyrene, polyvinylpyridine, polydiethylsiloxane) with elemental sulfur. The deeply sulfurized polymers thus formed, consist of functionalized redox-active polyene, polysulfide and polycondensed thiophene entities and related blocks, the ratio of which depends on the reaction conditions and starting polymer structure. This paves the simplest way to electroactive and conducting materials with tailor-made properties, which may find application (among others) as principal cathode components of advanced electrochemical energy storage devices, e.g. lithium rechargeable batteries.

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Crosslinking and degradation processes in the interaction between polyethylene and sulphur

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites

Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites

Polyolefins and Polystyrene as Chemical Resources for a Sustainable Future: Challenges, Advances, and Prospects

Sulfurization of Polymers: A Novel Access to Electroactive and Conducting Materials

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