Crosslinking of viral nanoparticles with “clickable” fluorescent crosslinkers at the interface

Abstract

Cu (I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, a typical "click" reaction, is one of the modular synthetic approaches which has been broadly used in various organic syntheses, medicinal chemistry, materials development and bioconjugation applications. We have for the first time synthesized two dialkyne derivatized fluorescent crosslinkers which could be applied to crosslink two biomolecules using CuAAC reaction. Turnip yellow mosaic virus, a plant virus with unique structural and chemical properties, was used as a prototypical scaffold to form a 2D single layer at the interface of two immiscible liquids and crosslinked with these two linkers by the CuAAC reaction. Upon crosslinking, the fluorescence of both linkers diminished, likely due to the distortion of the polymethylene backbone, which therefore could be used to indicate the completion of the reaction.

Surface modification of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsids via a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and their adhesion behavior with HeLa cells

“…This unique structure of the modified capsids generated a net-like, sticky solution, which then resulted in higher adhesion with HeLa cells over time. Similar phenomena were reported by Kaur et al [35] using a dialkyne dye molecule for the CuAAC reaction to modify TYMV capsids, which changed the hydrophobicity of the modified capsids at the interface of the two liquids.…”

Emulsions stabilized by mini cyclic proteins for bioactive compound delivery

“…25 Meanwhile, the glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker could stabilize the protein-protected emulsions, which prevents particle desorption during thin-lm drainage and provides a steric barrier to coalescence with neighboring droplets. 23,[26][27][28] This is similar to literature reports that colloidosomes can be prepared using the cross-linking technique. 29,30 AFM revealed a spherical morphology upon drying the droplets on silica aer crosslinking.…”

Recent Developments in the Area of Click‐Crosslinked Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

“…Similarly, CuAAC is a general method for the synthesis of click‐crosslinked nanoparticles; that is, viral nanoparticles crosslinked with “clickable” fluorescent crosslinkers at the interface, drug nanocrystals with PEG nanocages as non‐sheddable stabilizers, drug‐conjugated biodegradable nanoparticles by click‐crosslinking in miniemulsion, size‐restricted robust and functionalizable hydrophilic nanocrystals, degradable polymeric nanoparticles built from thermoresponsive polymers, and light‐sensitive dextran‐covered nanoparticles . For example, Cheng et al.…”