Crosstalk-Aware Routing Spectrum Assignment and WSS Placement in Flexible Grid Optical Networks

Abstract

Due to crosstalk-induced interactions among different connections, malicious high-power jamming signals can potentially spread widely in a transparent optical network. Moreover, due to imperfect port isolation in wavelength selective switches (WSSs), present within optical switching nodes, crosstalk also affects the quality of the transmitted signal. Therefore, it is necessary to design an optical network in a way that the effect of crosstalk is minimized, while at the same time keeping the cost and the power consumption of the network low. This is achieved in this work by the design of appropriate WSS placement and crosstalk-aware Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) algorithms in flexible grid optical networks, in the form of an Integer Linear Program (ILP) formulation and a heuristic algorithm analogous to vertex coloring. The objective of the optimization algorithms is to minimize the impact of the crosstalk effect, thus minimizing the impact to the normal operation of the network. The optimization objective is enhanced with proper functions in order to minimize the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and the operational expenditure (OPEX) of the networks investigated in terms of cost and power consumption respectively. Performance results indicate that the proposed algorithms minimize the number of WSSs required to compensate for the crosstalk effect, while only slightly increasing the spectrum utilization.

High-Power Jamming Attack Mitigation Techniques in Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks

“…Recent works also consider the problem of jamming attack detection using machine learning techniques [22]- [24]. Moreover, other works deal with the problem of jamming attacks in EONs, investigating physical-layer security in multi-domain networks [25], attack-aware RSA in conjunction with wavelength selective switch (WSS) placement algorithms [26], and jamming effects within the physical layer model for a dynamic traffic scenario [27].…”

Attack-aware Lightpath Provisioning in Elastic Optical Networks with Traffic Demand Variations

“…In these works, apart from the attack-aware RWA problem, equalizer placement [14], monitor placement [15], and dedicated path protection [16] were also considered. The concept of jamming attacks in EONs has been considered in [17]- [20]. Authors in [17] address the problem of physical-layer security in multi-domain flexible grid optical networks, proposing to differentiate the routing and spectrum allocation (RSA) schemes of intra-and inter-domain requests with security considerations.…”

“…Authors in [18] solve the problem of attack-aware service provisioning in one domain of multi-domain EONs to improve network scalability using game theory techniques. Further, authors in [19] propose an Integer Linear Program (ILP) for the crosstalk-aware RSA problem, while in [20], they propose a crosstalk-aware RSA together with a wavelength selective switch (WSS) placement technique to eliminate intraband crosstalk. In that work, initially, all network nodes (reconfigurable add/drop multiplexers -ROADMs) are assumed to have a broadcast-and-select (BS) architecture, with splitters and WSSs at the input and output ports, respectively.…”

Machine learning‐oriented resource allocation in C + L + S bands extended SDM–EONs

“…Manousakis et al presented the cross-talk aware routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) and wavelength selective switch (WSS) placement in flexible grid optical networks adopting the ILP approach. The authors focused on optimising the WSS placement, attaining the excellent port isolation exercising the cross-talk aware methodology [20]. Shibahara et al proposed a long-haul SDM optical communication system employing multiple input multiple output frequency domain equalisation, considering the fibre with DMD in MC few mode fibre (MC-FMF) [21].…”