Crosstalk Between Aging, Circadian Rhythm, and Melatonin

Verma, Avnish Kumar; Khan, Mohammad Idreesh; Ashfaq, Fauzia; Rizvi, Syed Ibrahim

doi:10.1089/rej.2023.0047

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 145 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While the circadian melatonin rhythm in the CSF may synchronize the activity of the SCN, it seems likely that the blood melatonin cycle regulates the clock genes in peripheral cells ( Figure 1 ) ( 49 ) along with neural information that arrives from the SCN via the autonomic nervous system innervation. The ability of the melatonin cycle to adjust circadian biology is also consistent with the observations that the diminished melatonin levels in the aged are associated with generalized chronodisruption ( 35 ). It is not known, however, whether the deteriorating melatonin values in the aged interrupt normal SCN physiology or whether the faltering SCN function causes the drop in melatonin secretion since these actions are mutually dependent.…”

Section: Pineal Melatonin (Source # 1)supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Based on the rhythmic secretion of melatonin from the pineal, the circadian actions of the molecule were quickly investigated and thousands of reports related to this subject have been published ( 35 ). This important research has led to advances in our understanding of the function of the master circadian pacemaker, i.e., the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) ( 36 ), which melatonin helps to entrain and to the novel mechanisms of photoreception involved in the regulation of physiological rhythms generally and the pineal melatonin cycle specifically ( Figure 1 ) ( 37 ).…”

Section: Pineal Melatonin (Source # 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions

Reiter,

Sharma,

Tan

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article discusses data showing that mammals, including humans, have two sources of melatonin that exhibit different functions. The best-known source of melatonin, herein referred to as Source #1, is the pineal gland. In this organ, melatonin production is circadian with maximal synthesis and release into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid occurring during the night. Of the total amount of melatonin produced in mammals, we speculate that less than 5% is synthesized by the pineal gland. The melatonin rhythm has the primary function of influencing the circadian clock at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the CSF melatonin) and the clockwork in all peripheral organs (the blood melatonin) via receptor-mediated actions. A second source of melatonin (Source # 2) is from multiple tissues throughout the body, probably being synthesized in the mitochondria of these cells. This constitutes the bulk of the melatonin produced in mammals and is concerned with metabolic regulation. This review emphasizes the action of melatonin from peripheral sources in determining re-dox homeostasis, but it has other critical metabolic effects as well. Extrapineal melatonin synthesis does not exhibit a circadian rhythm and it is not released into the blood but acts locally in its cell of origin and possibly in a paracrine matter on adjacent cells. The factors that control/influence melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites are unknown. We propose that the concentration of melatonin in these cells is determined by the subcellular redox state and that melatonin synthesis may be inducible under stressful conditions as in plant cells.

show abstract

Section: Pineal Melatonin (Source # 1)supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Pineal Melatonin (Source # 1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions

Reiter,

Sharma,

Tan

et al. 2024

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Brain aging also leads to the altered function of the main biological clock, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), resulting in a decrease in melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland and circadian rhythm disruption [92]. The disruption of the circadian rhythm, in turn, leads to various physiological changes, such as disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle, metabolic abnormalities, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, etc.…”

Section: Brain Aging Defense Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vital Role of Melatonin and Its Metabolites in the Neuroprotection and Retardation of Brain Aging

Bocheva,

Bakalov,

Iliev

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While primarily produced in the pineal gland, melatonin’s influence goes beyond its well-known role in regulating sleep, nighttime metabolism, and circadian rhythms, in the field of chronobiology. A plethora of new data demonstrates melatonin to be a very powerful molecule, being a potent ROS/RNS scavenger with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and oncostatic properties. Melatonin and its metabolites exert multiple beneficial effects in cutaneous and systemic aging. This review is focused on the neuroprotective role of melatonin during aging. Melatonin has an anti-aging capacity, retarding the rate of healthy brain aging and the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. Melatonin, as well as its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), can reduce oxidative brain damage by shielding mitochondria from dysfunction during the aging process. Melatonin could also be implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions, by modifying their characteristic low-grade neuroinflammation. It can either prevent the initiation of inflammatory responses or attenuate the ongoing inflammation. Drawing on the current knowledge, this review discusses the potential benefits of melatonin supplementation in preventing and managing cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.

show abstract

“…Melatonin is considered a powerful antioxidant, and its deficiency can lead to the development of OS [ 83 ]. It is the main circadian rhythm regulator [ 84 ]. Melatonin is conventionally synthesized in the pineal gland through an enzymatic pathway from L-tryptophan.…”

Section: Possible Interconnections Between Os and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome Interactions with Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Consequences for Health

Semenova,

Garashchenko,

Kolesnikov

et al. 2024

Pathophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding how gut flora interacts with oxidative stress has been the subject of significant research in recent years. There is much evidence demonstrating the existence of the microbiome–oxidative stress interaction. However, the biochemical basis of this interaction is still unclear. In this narrative review, possible pathways of the gut microbiota and oxidative stress interaction are presented, among which genetic underpinnings play an important role. Trimethylamine-N-oxide, mitochondria, short-chain fatty acids, and melatonin also appear to play roles. Moreover, the relationship between oxidative stress and the gut microbiome in obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic ethanol consumption, dietary supplements, and medications is considered. An investigation of the correlation between bacterial community features and OS parameter changes under normal and pathological conditions might provide information for the determination of new research methods. Furthermore, such research could contribute to establishing a foundation for determining the linkers in the microbiome–OS association.

show abstract

Crosstalk Between Aging, Circadian Rhythm, and Melatonin

Cited by 6 publications

References 145 publications

Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions

Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions

The Vital Role of Melatonin and Its Metabolites in the Neuroprotection and Retardation of Brain Aging

Gut Microbiome Interactions with Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Consequences for Health

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About