Crosstalk between Statins and Cancer Prevention and Therapy: An Update

Grabarek, Beniamin Oskar; Boroń, Dariusz; Morawiec, Emilia; Michalski, Piotr; Palazzo-Michalska, Veronica; Pach, Łukasz; Dziuk, Barbara; Świder, Magdalena; Zmarzły, Nikola

doi:10.3390/ph14121220

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…In particular, the authors observed this association in former smokers (hazard ratio: 1.77), but not in current smokers. Other studies suggest that high cholesterol levels can negatively affect the clinical outcomes of cancer [ 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statins seem to display an anti-inflammatory effect through NFκB, adhesion molecules and NOS modulation [ 18 ]. Experimental and epidemiological studies have described the antitumor properties of statins, speculating on their potential use in cancer therapy [ 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. In this narrative review, we assessed the key evidence on the efficacy of statins in lung cancer and the possible molecular mechanisms involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Statins on Lung Cancer Molecular Pathways: A Possible Therapeutic Role

Marcianò¹,

Palleria

Casarella³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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Lung cancer is a common neoplasm, usually treated through chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or surgery. Both clinical and experimental studies on cancer cells suggest that some drugs (e.g., statins) have the potential to improve the prognosis of cancer. In fact, statins blocking the enzyme “hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase” exert pleiotropic effects on different genes involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. In this narrative review, we presented the experimental and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of statins on lung cancer and described data on the effectiveness and safety of these compounds. We also evaluated gender differences in the treatment of lung cancer to understand the possibility of personalized therapy based on the modulation of the mevalonate pathway. In conclusion, according to the literature data, statins exert multiple effects on lung cancer cells, even if the evidence for their use in clinical practice is lacking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Statins on Lung Cancer Molecular Pathways: A Possible Therapeutic Role

Marcianò¹,

Palleria

Casarella³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Third, statins [ 63 , 64 ] and aspirin [ 65 , 66 ] exhibit anti-cancer activity in MM cells. Although the distribution of aspirin between metformin (+) and metformin (−) was balanced, more patients were using statins in the metformin (+) group (33.11% versus 25.92%, Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk of Multiple Myeloma Is Reduced in Metformin Initiators: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Tseng

2022

Cancers

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Background: Whether metformin might reduce the risk of multiple myeloma (MM) has not been extensively researched in humans. Methods: The study subjects were enrolled from the reimbursement database of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance. A total of 739,553 patients who had a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus during 1999–2009 were identified. They were categorized as metformin initiators (metformin (+)) and non-metformin initiators (metformin (−)) based on the prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs that included metformin and did not include metformin within the initial 12 months, respectively. MM incidence was calculated after the initial 12 months of treatment group assignment until 31 December 2011. Hazard ratios based on intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) approaches were estimated by Cox regression weighted by propensity scores. Results: In the ITT analyses, the respective incidence rates for 497,248 metformin (+) and 242,305 metformin (−) were 9.97 and 14.33 per 100,000 person-years. The hazard ratio that compared metformin (+) to metformin (−) in the ITT analysis was 0.710 (95% confidence interval 0.593–0.850). In the PP analysis, the respective incidence rates were 5.14 and 13.98 per 100,000 person-years, and the hazard ratio was 0.355 (95% confidence interval, 0.270–0.466). The lower risk of MM among metformin (+) was supported by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes patients who are initiated with metformin treatment have a significantly lower risk of MM, especially when they adhere to metformin treatment.

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“…It should be noted, however, that several studies have indicated that statin use may be beneficial in cancer disease [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. However, today, there are no general recommendations to continue statin treatment for cancer-preventive effects.…”

Section: Statinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deprescribing in Palliative Cancer Care

Hedman

Frisk

Björkhem‐Bergman

2022

Life

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The aim of palliative care is to maintain as high a quality of life (QoL) as possible despite a life-threatening illness. Thus, the prescribed medications need to be evaluated and the benefit of each treatment must be weighed against potential side effects. Medications that contribute to symptom relief and maintained QoL should be prioritized. However, studies have shown that treatment with preventive drugs that may not benefit the patient in end-of-life is generally deprescribed very late in the disease trajectory of cancer patients. Yet, knowing how and when to deprescribe drugs can be difficult. In addition, some drugs, such as beta-blockers, proton pump inhibitors, anti-depressants and cortisone need to be scaled down slowly to avoid troublesome withdrawal symptoms. In contrast, other medicines, such as statins, antihypertensives and vitamins, can be discontinued directly. The aim of this review is to give some advice according to when and how to deprescribe medications in palliative cancer care according to current evidence and clinical praxis. The review includes antihypertensive drugs, statins, anti-coagulants, aspirin, anti-diabetics, proton pump inhibitors, histamin-2-blockers, bisphosphonates denosumab, urologicals, anti-depressants, cortisone, thyroxin and vitamins.

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Crosstalk between Statins and Cancer Prevention and Therapy: An Update

Cited by 17 publications

References 125 publications

Effect of Statins on Lung Cancer Molecular Pathways: A Possible Therapeutic Role

Effect of Statins on Lung Cancer Molecular Pathways: A Possible Therapeutic Role

The Risk of Multiple Myeloma Is Reduced in Metformin Initiators: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Deprescribing in Palliative Cancer Care

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