Crow's 'Lateralization Hypothesis' for Schizophrenia-Reply

Crow, Timothy J.; Frith, Christopher D.; Johnstone, Eve C.; Owens, David C.; Roberts, Gareth W.; Colter, N.; Ball, Joanna; Bloom, S R; Brown, Rosemary; Bruton, C. J.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810250088014

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Falkai et al [1992] Post-mortem SF reduced length on left (À16%, P < 0.0001) vs. HC; right SF unchanged. L/R ratio reduced more in male (À24%, P < 0.001) than female patients (À16%, P < 0.03) Crow et al [1992] Post-mortem Loss of Sylvian fissure asymmetry in schizophrenia-in Runwell two series of brains Aso et al [2001] MRI Right SF volume correlates with duration of illness DeLisi et al [1994c] and Hoff et al [1994] MRI first episode cases Loss of R > L asymmetry of anterior segment; trend to loss of L > R asymmetry of posterior segment in female pts [DeLisi et al, 1994c]; atypical asymmetry associated with better cognition in schizophreniform pts Suddath et al [1990] MRI of discordant MZ twin pairs Review [Crow, 1999] concluded that the ill twin differs from the well twin with respect to asymmetry of anterior temporal lobe volume and posterior Sylvian fissure length; see commentaries by Weinberger et al [1991] and Crow et al [1991] Csernansky et al [2008 MRI Sulcal depth in the two hemispheres more symmetrical in schizophrenia than HC; loss of asymmetry (R > L) of inclination of posterior SF; loss of depth of sulci in R parietal operculum (R > L) Miyata et al [2012] DTI and TBSS Rightward asymmetry of external capsule and leftward asymmetry of posterior limb of internal capsule reduced in SCHZ vs. HC SF, Sylvian fissure; HC, healthy controls. DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; TBSS, tract based spatial statistics.…”

Section: Laterality Deviations In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The XY gene hypothesis of psychosis: Origins and current status

Crow

2013

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Sex differences in psychosis and their interaction with laterality (systematic departures from 50:50 left-right symmetry across the antero-posterior neural axis) are reviewed in the context of the X-Y gene hypothesis. Aspects of laterality (handedness/cerebral asymmetry/the torque) predict (1) verbal and non-verbal ability in childhood and across adult life and (2) anatomical, physiological, and linguistic variation relating to psychosis. Neuropsychological and MRI evidence from individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies indicates that laterality is associated with an X-Y homologous gene pair. Within each mammalian species the complement of such X-Y gene pairs reflects their potential to account for taxon-specific sexual dimorphisms. As a consequence of the mechanism of meiotic suppression of unpaired chromosomes such X-Y gene pairs generate epigenetic variation around a species defining motif that is carried to the zygote with potential to initiate embryonic gene expression in XX or XY format. The Protocadherin11XY (PCDH11XY) gene pair in Xq21.3/Yp11.2 in probable coordination with a gene or genes within PAR2 (the second pseudo-autosomal region) is the prime candidate in relation to cerebral asymmetry and psychosis in Homo sapiens. The lately-described pattern of sequence variation associated with psychosis on the autosomes may reflect a component of the human genome's adjustment to selective pressures generated by the sexually dimorphic mate recognition system. © 2013 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Laterality Deviations In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The XY gene hypothesis of psychosis: Origins and current status

Crow

2013

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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“…[10][11][12] It has also been suggested that the origin of schizophrenia might involve abnormal neural development of brain lateralization. 47 The right hemisphere, especially the temporal area, seems to develop earlier than the left for a short period of time, which may result in its being less likely to be impaired. 48 The period of vulnerability is more prolonged on the left, which could account for more opportunities for injuries.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left Planum Temporale Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia

Kwon¹,

McCarley²,

Hirayasu³

et al. 1999

Arch Gen Psychiatry

170

105

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Background:The planum temporale, located on the posterior and superior surface of the temporal lobe, is a brain region thought to be a biological substrate of language and possibly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To investigate further the role of planum temporale abnormalities in schizophrenia, we measured gray matter volume underlying the planum temporale from high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

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