Crowd Evacuation in Hajj Stoning Area: Planning through Modeling and Simulation

Kurdi, Heba; Alzuhair, Amal; Alotaibi, Dana; Alsweed, Hesah; Almoqayyad, Noor; Albaqami, Razan; Althnian, Alhanoof; Al-Nabhan, Najla; Islam, A. B. M. Alim Al

doi:10.3390/su14042278

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Mass audience venues with high-density pedestrian flows, rapid oxygen consumption, limited space for movement, and fixed exits are always the research focus in safety evacuation, including railway stations [170], subway stations [15,171], airports [31], hospitals [99,102], schools [108,120], commercial buildings [65], residential buildings [107,128], and public places of entertainment [172][173][174]. Safety evacuation of offshore platforms are one of the frontiers of research and a new branch in offshore engineering to which increasing attention has been paid [122].…”

Section: Evacuation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scientometric Research on Applications and Advances of Fire Safety Evacuation in Buildings

Yang

Yao

2023

Fire

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Fire safety evacuation has been used in numerous different kinds of buildings. This research conducts a scientometric review of fire safety evacuation applications and advances in the buildings to clarify the research trends of fire evacuation in the future and provide guidance for relevant research. A total of 3312 journals and conference proceedings were analyzed through different dimensions. The result proves that evacuation environments concentrate mainly on residential building, commercial building, school, and railway station. The characteristics of the evacuee have been gradually refined in recent years, including children, the elderly, patients, and vulnerable groups. The main experimental approaches of fire safety evacuation are evacuation drills, site records, and VR/AR experiments. The crowd behavior models mainly consist of six types: a cellular automata model, a social force model, a lattice gas model, a game-theoretic model, an animal agent-based model, and a computer agent-based model. The analysis results in the theoretical method are becoming gradually closer to the behavioral characteristics and movement data of the crowd during the actual evacuation with improvements of practical considerations. The study of evacuation drills, disaster rescue, emergencies, and other external environmental factors will become the forefront of future research, and subway stations, airports, high-rise building, and other personnel places will be the focus of the study of crowd evacuation.

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Section: Evacuation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scientometric Research on Applications and Advances of Fire Safety Evacuation in Buildings

Yang

Yao

2023

Fire

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“…Researchers studied the effect of changing density, configurations of the environment of groups of pedestrians using computer simulation [270], [271]. Recently, Kurdi et al used modeling to simulate the emergency evacuation in the stoning area [272].…”

Section: G Crowd Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving Hajj and Umrah Challenges Using Information and Communication Technology: A Survey

Showail

2022

IEEE Access

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Hajj and Umrah are Muslims' religious pilgrimages to Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered the largest annual gathering in the world. In Islam, each and every able-bodied adult is obligated to go for Hajj at least once in his/her lifetime. Hajj takes place between the 8 th and the 13 th day of Dhul Hijjah, which is the last month of the Islamic year while Umrah, the minor pilgrimage, could be done any time of the year. In Hajj, pilgrims, also known as Hajjis, travel around 15 km and pilgrims have the choice to do it by foot, bus or by train. The Hajj journey starts from Mina, which is considered the largest tent city in the world because it hosts more than 10,000 fire resistant tents, and includes various religious rituals. Around 3 million Muslims from more than 183 countries make Hajj every year and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is working on increasing this number. Since 1989, researchers in various ICT domains have tried leveraging their expertise in solving challenges and issues related to Hajj and Umrah. Although several papers have surveyed efforts using technology in Hajj and Umrah research, none of them was comprehensive. In this paper, I classified research efforts that used information and communication technologies for solving Hajj and Umrah challenges over the past 33 years based on their applications in 10 categories. I also identified more than 30 technologies used by researchers all over the world to address Hajj and Umrah issues and group research efforts based on these technologies for ease of access. Furthermore, open challenges were discussed and new technologies that could be used to address these challenges were proposed.

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“…The rising number of these accidents has begun to arouse people's attention to crowd safety in open public spaces. Study on the emergency management of public security in open public spaces with high crowds has gradually become a focus area in academia [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Crowd-Gathering in Urban Open Public Spaces Supported by Spatio-Temporal Big Data

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The urban open public spaces are the areas where people tend to gather together, which may lead to great crowd-gathering risk. This paper proposes a new method to assess the rank and spatial distribution of crowd-gathering risk in open public spaces in a large urban area. Firstly, a crowd density estimation method based on Tencent user density (TUD) data is built for different times in open public spaces. Then, a reasonable crowd density threshold is delimited to detect critical crowd situations in open public spaces and find out the key open public spaces that need to have intensive crowd-gathering prevention. For estimating the crowd-gathering risk in key open public spaces, the quantified risk assessment approach is conducted based on the classical risk theory that simultaneously considers the probability of an accident occurring, the severity of the accident consequence, and the risk aversion factor. A case study of the area within the Outer-ring Road of Shanghai was conducted to determine the feasibility of the new method. The thematic maps that describe the ranks and spatial distribution of crowd-gathering risk were generated. According to the risk maps, the government can determine the crowd control measures in different areas to reduce the crowd-gathering risk and prevent dangerous events.

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Crowd Evacuation in Hajj Stoning Area: Planning through Modeling and Simulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

A Scientometric Research on Applications and Advances of Fire Safety Evacuation in Buildings

A Scientometric Research on Applications and Advances of Fire Safety Evacuation in Buildings

Solving Hajj and Umrah Challenges Using Information and Communication Technology: A Survey

Risk Assessment of Crowd-Gathering in Urban Open Public Spaces Supported by Spatio-Temporal Big Data

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