Crowd modeling and simulation technologies

Abstract

RightsACM allow an authors' version of their own ACMcopyrighted work on their personal server or on servers belonging to their employers. As a collective and highly dynamic social group, human crowd is a fascinating phenomenon which has been constantly concerned by experts from various areas. Recently, computer-based modeling and simulation technologies have emerged to support investigation of the dynamics of crowds, such as a crowd's behaviors under normal and emergent situations. This paper assesses the major existing technologies for crowd modeling and simulation. We first propose a two-dimensional categorization mechanism to classify existing work depending on the size of crowds and the timescale of the crowd phenomena of interest. Four evaluation criteria have also been introduced to evaluate existing crowd simulation systems from the point of view of both a modeler and an end-user. We have discussed some influential existing work in crowd modeling and simulation regarding their major features, performance as well as the technologies used in these work. We have also discussed some open problems in the area. This paper will provide the researchers with useful information and insights on the state-of-the-art of the technologies in crowd modeling and simulation as well as future research directions.

Modeling, Evaluation, and Scale on Artificial Pedestrians

“…For a broader study on specific crowd problems, important surveys are: [Duives et al 2013] on emergent behaviors, [Bellomo and Dogbe 2011] with a mathematical/physical perspective, [Zheng et al 2009] focused on models for building evacuation simulations and Zhou et al 2010]. Books devoted to crowds study are Pelechano et al 2016;Thalmann and Musse 2012].…”

Understanding collective crowd behaviors: Learning a Mixture model of Dynamic pedestrian-Agents

“…Automatically understanding the behaviors of pedestrians in crowd is of great interest to video surveillance, and has drawn more and more attentions in recent years [26]. It has important applications, such as event recognition [12], traffic flow estimation [23], behavior prediction [2], and crowd simulation [20].…”

A Generic Bi-Layer Data-Driven Crowd Behaviors Modeling Approach

“…Finding correct parameter settings and behavior rules to make the simulation match the behaviors observed is a fundamental issue in agent-based crowd modeling. Benefit from the significant increase in computing power, the agent-based crowd modeling has been developing rapidly over the past decade, with a range of successful works in computer graphics applications [1]- [6].…”