Crowd-out in school-based health interventions: Evidence from India’s midday meals program

Nutrition improvement program for rural compulsory education students and individual health

“…The results are realistic, the nutrition improvement program significantly decreases the frequency of monthly illness of children by 0.2 times and the probability of illness by 8.55% at the 1% level, but the effect on individual health status is not significant. Thus, overall, the nutrition improvement program significantly improves children's health status, which is consistent with the previous findings ( 23 – 25 ) 7 . In addition, some well-established child nutrition interventions, such as the US school nutrition programs ( 26 ) and India's midday meals program ( 25 ), have an impact on child health in the range of 5–15%.…”

“…Thus, overall, the nutrition improvement program significantly improves children's health status, which is consistent with the previous findings ( 23 – 25 ) 7 . In addition, some well-established child nutrition interventions, such as the US school nutrition programs ( 26 ) and India's midday meals program ( 25 ), have an impact on child health in the range of 5–15%. Considering that China's nutrition improvement program is still in the early stages of implementation, the impact of its health improvement effects is still significant, as it is about 2/3 of the impact of these well-established interventions.…”

“… 7 Jain ( 24 ) considers that India ICDS program, which is devoted to supporting preschool children in impoverished areas, improves children's health and further reduces morbidity and mortality through providing nutrition and immunity. Berry et al ( 25 ) found that monitoring measures for learning health interventions affect the policy effectiveness of school nutrition programs. Specifically, high-intensity monitoring significantly improved child health.…”

Schools as stakeholders in health promotion: a review before and in the midst of the pandemic COVID-19 with reference to India and Odisha state

“…36 Then as stated above, the mid-day meal concepts were integrated into primary and secondary school to address absenteeism and improve nutrition standards in the state. 37,38 The state overcame its biggest challenge of beating open field defecation and propagating safe sanitation practices as well as safe water intake by model experiments in school children, who in turn became harbingers of change. [37][38][39][40] Popularization and ensuring iron folic acid to combat childhood anemia was also countered by school dissemination if blue IFA among adolescents.…”

“…37,38 The state overcame its biggest challenge of beating open field defecation and propagating safe sanitation practices as well as safe water intake by model experiments in school children, who in turn became harbingers of change. [37][38][39][40] Popularization and ensuring iron folic acid to combat childhood anemia was also countered by school dissemination if blue IFA among adolescents. [41][42][43] Other public health problems at large like vector borne diseases, eye and oral health were also advocated using the school health platform.…”