Crowdsourcing for Cognitive Science – The Utility of Smartphones

Brown, Harriet; Zeidman, Peter; Smittenaar, Peter; Adams, Rick A.; McNab, Fiona; Rutledge, Robb B.; Dolan, Raymond J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100662

Cited by 118 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…VGI analysed through GIS "research and practice remains embryonic," and consequently, this study follows the call for experimental design in methodology (Brown et al, 2014). This method of mapping CES based on a large set of publicly shared images, while notably passive, i.e., voluntary, answers the call to increase public participation rates in PPGIS ecosystem services mapping (Brown & Kyttä, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing Cultural Ecosystem Services through Instagram Images: The Potential of Social Media Volunteered Geographic Information for Urban Green Infrastructure Planning and Governance

et al. 2016

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With the prevalence of smartphones, new ways of engaging citizens and stakeholders in urban planning and governance are emerging. The technologies in smartphones allow citizens to act as sensors of their environment, producing and sharing rich spatial data useful for new types of collaborative governance set-ups. Data derived from Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) can support accessible, transparent, democratic, inclusive, and locally-based governance situations of interest to planners, citizens, politicians, and scientists. However, there are still uncertainties about how to actually conduct this in practice. This study explores how social media VGI can be used to document spatial tendencies regarding citizens' uses and perceptions of urban nature with relevance for urban green space governance. Via the hashtag #sharingcph, created by the City of Copenhagen in 2014, VGI data consisting of geo-referenced images were collected from Instagram, categorised according to their content and analysed according to their spatial distribution patterns. The results show specific spatial distributions of the images and main hotspots. Many possibilities and much potential of using VGI for generating, sharing, visualising and communicating knowledge about citizens' spatial uses and preferences exist, but as a tool to support scientific and democratic interaction, VGI data is challenged by practical, technical and ethical concerns. More research is needed in order to better understand the usefulness and application of this rich data source to governance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing Cultural Ecosystem Services through Instagram Images: The Potential of Social Media Volunteered Geographic Information for Urban Green Infrastructure Planning and Governance

et al. 2016

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“…com), a platform that has enabled us to replicate a range of laboratory studies (9,10). Using this medium we implemented a WM task to enable us to directly compare the effects of age on WM in the absence of distractors (no distraction, ND; Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in working memory and the ability to ignore distraction

McNab

Zeidman

Rutledge

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A weakened ability to effectively resist distraction is a potential basis for reduced working memory capacity (WMC) associated with healthy aging. Exploiting data from 29,631 users of a smartphone game, we show that, as age increases, working memory (WM) performance is compromised more by distractors presented during WM maintenance than distractors presented during encoding. However, with increasing age, the ability to exclude distraction at encoding is a better predictor of WMC in the absence of distraction. A significantly greater contribution of distractor filtering at encoding represents a potential compensation for reduced WMC in older age.T he number of items that can be held in working memory (WM) declines with increasing age (1). Our ability to effectively exclude distractors is one basis for this limited working memory capacity (WMC) (2, 3), with impaired inhibitory processing of distraction contributing to an age-related reduction in WM performance (4). A specific impairment in suppressing distractor representations in older adults has been linked to reduced WMC (5). Typically distractors are presented either with the items to be remembered (encoding distraction, ED, e.g., 6, 7) or while these items are held in mind (delay distraction, DD, e.g., 5, 8). We recently highlighted a distinction between the effects of these two types of distraction in younger adults (9). Although greater WMC is associated with an enhanced ability to exclude distractors in both cases, each makes a unique contribution to WMC (9). Here we examine the well-known age-related reduction in WMC. Previous work has identified an age-related delay in ED filtering (7) and an early age-related deficit in DD suppression (8). We directly compare the age-related decline in ED and DD to assess whether an ability to ignore a distraction at encoding or at delay provides the best predictor of general WMC.We obtained data from 29,631 users of a smartphone game (part of The Great Brain Experiment, www.thegreatbrainexperiment. com), a platform that has enabled us to replicate a range of laboratory studies (9, 10). Using this medium we implemented a WM task to enable us to directly compare the effects of age on WM in the absence of distractors (no distraction, ND; Fig. 1A), when distractors are presented at encoding (ED; Fig. 1B) and when distractors are presented during maintenance (DD; Fig. 1C). This large subject pool enabled us to consider data from six age groups (18-24 y: n = 7,658; 25-29 y: n = 5,702; 30-39 y: n = 8,225; 40-49 y: n = 4,667; 50-59 y: n = 2,359; and 60-69 y: n = 1,020). For each condition the number of items to be remembered (WM load) increased as a function of performance until either eight trials had been completed or a participant failed two successive trials of a given WM load. Data were excluded from participants who failed a "load 2" trial in any condition. For each condition, the participant's score represents the maximum number of items for which they could report all items successfully, representing their WMC. Results...

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“…We excluded a total of two reviews [19,35], five case reports [36][37][38][39][40] and two protocols [41,42]. Sixteen studies were excluded from the present systematic review because they did not use mobile applications to train cognitive functions [20,43,[52][53][54][55][56][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Eleven studies were excluded because they used mobile applications only to assess -and not to train -cognitive functions [57,58,67,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Studies Selectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training Cognitive Functions Using Mobile Apps in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review

Vergani¹,

Marton²,

Pizzoli³

et al. 2019

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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BackgroundBreast cancer is an invalidating disease and, in particular, its treatment can bring serious side effects that have a physical and psychological impact as well. Specifically, cancer's treatment generally has a strong impact on cognitive function. In the last years, new technologies and eHealth had proved to have a growing influence on health care and innovative mobile applications can be a useful tool to deliver cognitive exercise in the patient's home.

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Crowdsourcing for Cognitive Science – The Utility of Smartphones

Cited by 118 publications

References 30 publications

Revealing Cultural Ecosystem Services through Instagram Images: The Potential of Social Media Volunteered Geographic Information for Urban Green Infrastructure Planning and Governance

Revealing Cultural Ecosystem Services through Instagram Images: The Potential of Social Media Volunteered Geographic Information for Urban Green Infrastructure Planning and Governance

Age-related changes in working memory and the ability to ignore distraction

Training Cognitive Functions Using Mobile Apps in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review

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