Crowdsourcing Law and Policy

McInnis, Brian; Centivany, Alissa; Kim, Juho; Poblet, Marta; Levy, Karen; Leshed, Gilly

doi:10.1145/3022198.3022656

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Digital platforms have become an essential instrument in facilitating participation. Also known as crowd-civic systems [34], they can be defined as "socio-technical systems blending people, digital technologies, and data for civic engagement purposes: information management, large-scale deliberation, decision making, etc." [35].…”

Section: E-participation Systems: Technological Background and Relatementioning

confidence: 99%

A neural blockchain for a tokenizable e-Participation model

2021

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Highlights • A tokenizable e-Participation model will develop new local engagement. • Using a "democratic token" will help governments to overcome the governance deficit. • Building a BaaS neural network within a cloud framework is a scalable and sustainable solution. • A Neural Distributed Ledger (NDL) is a step beyond developing a 3D blockchain system. • A dApp called VoteKeeper uses Smart Contracts as a block producer in a virtual token. Abstract Currently, Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) and, especially, Blockchain technology represent a great opportunity for public institutions to improve citizen participation and foster democratic innovation. These technologies facilitate the simplification of processes and provide secure management of recorded data, guaranteeing the transmission and public transparency of information. Based on the combination of a Blockchain as a Service (BaaS) platform and G-Cloud solutions, our proposal consists of the design of an e-Participation model that uses a tokenizable system of the actions and processes undertaken by citizens in participatory processes providing incentives to promote greater participation in public affairs. In order to develop a sustainable, scalable and resilient e-Participation system, a new blockchain concept, which organizes the blocks as a neural system, is combined with the implementation of a virtual token to reward participants. Furthermore, this virtual token is deployed through a smart contract that the block itself produces, containing information about the transaction and all the documents involved in the process. Finally, our Neural Distributed Ledger (NDL) framework facilitates the interconnection of blockchain networks in a transparent, certified, secure, auditable, scalable and traceable way.

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Section: E-participation Systems: Technological Background and Relatementioning

confidence: 99%

A neural blockchain for a tokenizable e-Participation model

2021

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“…signing a petition, voting and/or debating an issue, reporting an issue, following parliamentary activity, etc.). We have elsewhere referred to these tools as crowd-civic systems (McInnis et al 2017), which can be defined as socio-technical systems blending people, digital technologies, and data for civic engagement purposes: information management, large-scale deliberation, decision making, etc. Crowd-civic system designers, developers, and users may not explicitly link their digital tools to any conceptual model of democracy and citizenship.…”

Section: Linked Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a survey of digital tools and platforms for crowdsourced disaster management, seePoblet et al (2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayered Linked Democracy

Poblet

Casanovas

Rodrı́guez-Doncel

2019

SpringerBriefs in Law

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Although confidence in democracy to tackle societal problems is falling, new civic participation tools are appearing supported by modern ICT technologies. These tools implicitly assume different views on democracy and citizenship which have not been fully analysed, but their main fault is their isolated operation in non-communicated silos. We can conceive public knowledge, like in Karl Popper's World 3, as distributed and connected in different layers and by different connectors, much as it happens with the information in the web or the data in the linked data cloud. The interaction between people, technology and data is still to be defined before alternative institutions are founded, but the so called linked democracy should rest on different layers of interaction: linked data, linked platforms and linked ecosystems; a robust connectivity between democratic institutions is fundamental in order to enhance the way knowledge circulates and collective decisions are made. Keywords Linked democracy Á Multilayered linked democracy Á Linked data Á Linked platforms Á Linked ecosystems Á World 3 Á Institutions 3.1 Introduction Contemporary democracies face growing scepticism about their capacity to manage complex societal problems. Financial crises, inequality and poverty, climate change and armed conflicts routinely test the resilience of our democratic systems. Researchers are predominantly expressing concern about the developments of the last decade. Larry Diamond draws from Freedom House data to argue that we are in a 'mild but protracted democratic recession' since 2006 (Diamond 2015, 144). Roberto Foa and Yascha Mounk analyse World Values Surveys to conclude that citizens in Western democracies have 'become more cynical about the value of

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“…In recent years, open government initiatives and programs have fostered the design of crowd-civic systems to inform the policy-making process with input from the public (McInnis et al 2017). This constitutes a step further in the e-government strategies-broadly understood as the electronic delivery of information and services by public entities-that now are universal: since 2014, all 193 UN Member States have national websites in place, even though there is a wide gap between highest and lowest scoring countries and 'substantial variability in the scope of online service delivery' (UN 2014, p. [5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Taxonomy of Crowd-civic Systems

Poblet¹

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. This paper proposes a preliminary taxonomy of crowd-civic systems developed in a number of areas and geographical contexts. The taxonomy is based on different theoretical models of democracy and their underlying visions of citizenship. While this classification is neither exhaustive nor categorical, it may contribute to discovering connections between theoretical models of democracy and state-of-the-art digital platforms and tools. Framing crowd-civic systems within different models and visions of democracy and citizenship can also shed new light to concepts such as participation or deliberation, as well as to the role of civic technologies in reshaping them.

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Crowdsourcing Law and Policy

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

A neural blockchain for a tokenizable e-Participation model

A neural blockchain for a tokenizable e-Participation model

Multilayered Linked Democracy

Towards a Taxonomy of Crowd-civic Systems

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