Crown Shapes of Urban Trees-Their Dependences on Tree Species, Tree Age and Local Environment, and Effects on Ecosystem Services

Franceschi, Eleonora; Moser-Reischl, Astrid; Rahman, Mohammad A.; Pauleit, Stephan; Pretzsch, Hans; Rötzer, Thomas

doi:10.3390/f13050748

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This resulted in a suitable dataset for evaluating simulated trees. Although the major segregating shape trends concerned crown shape, stem shape was also morphologically informative because of the significant relationship between crown radius and length and stem diameter ( Franceschi et al. 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrization of biological assumptions to simulate growth of tree branching architectures

Nauber,

Hodač,

Wäldchen

et al. 2024

Tree Physiology

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Modeling and simulating the growth of the branching architecture of tree species remains a challenge. With existing approaches, we can reconstruct or rebuild the branching architectures of real tree species, but the simulation of the growth process remains unresolved. First, we present a tree growth model to generate branching architectures that resemble real tree species. Second, we use a quantitative morphometric approach to infer the shape similarity of the generated simulations and real tree species. Within a functional-structural plant model (FSPM), we implement a set of biological parameters that affect the branching architecture of trees. By modifying the parameter values, we aim to generate basic shapes of spruce, pine, oak, and poplar. Tree shapes are compared using geometric morphometrics of landmarks that capture crown and stem outline shapes. Five biological parameters, i.e. xylem flow, shedding rate, proprioception, gravitysense, and lightsense, most influenced tree branching and their adjustments led to the generation of different spruce, pine, oak, and poplar shapes. The largest effect was attributed to gravity, as phenotypic responses to this effect resulted in different growth directions of gymnosperm and angiosperm branching architectures. Since we were able to obtain branching architectures that resemble real tree species by adjusting only a few biological parameters, our model is extendable to other tree species. Furthermore, the model will also allow the simulation of structural tree-environment interactions. Our simplifying approach to shape comparison between tree species, landmark geometric morphometrics, showed that even the crown-trunk outlines capture species differences based on their contrasting branching architectures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrization of biological assumptions to simulate growth of tree branching architectures

Nauber,

Hodač,

Wäldchen

et al. 2024

Tree Physiology

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“…The presence or absence of flowers for each plant was documented during sampling periods. To calculate plant canopy volume ( v ), all individual plants were considered as a cylinder 61 . Equation ( 1 ) was used to calculate plant canopy volume, where h and r denote height and canopy width, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban greening with shrubs can supercharge invertebrate abundance and diversity

Sharmin,

Tjoelker,

Esperon-Rodriguez

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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In urban areas, diverse and complex habitats for biodiversity are often lacking. This lack of diversity not only compromises essential ecological processes, such as pollination and nutrient cycling, but also diminishes the resilience of urban ecosystems to pests and diseases. To enhance urban biodiversity, a possible solution is to integrate shrubs alongside trees, thereby increasing the overall amount of vegetation, structural complexity and the associated resource diversity. Here, using a common garden experiment involving a variety of trees and shrubs planted alone and in combination, we evaluate how canopy-associated invertebrate assemblages are influenced by vegetation type. In particular, we test whether the presence of shrubs, alone or with trees, results in increased abundance and taxonomic richness of invertebrates, compared to trees on their own. We found that the overall abundance of invertebrates, and that of specific functional groups (e.g., herbivores, pollinators, detritivores), was higher on shrubs, compared to trees, and when trees and shrubs were planted in combination (relative to trees on their own). Our results suggest that planting shrub and tree species with wide and dense crowns can increase the associated abundance and taxonomic and functional group richness of invertebrate communities. Overall, our findings indicate that urban planning would benefit from incorporating shrubs alongside urban trees to maximise invertebrate abundance, diversity and function in urban landscapes.

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“…The crown diameter and height of each tree were obtained from virtual research. In Table 2, The "CV equation" was based on previous studies, and each tree species was matched with a regular geometry [50][51][52][53]. With the indicators of crown diameter and crown height, we can calculate the CV (V) per street tree based on crown shape.…”

Section: Calculation and Analysis Of CV Of Street Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Crown Volume Increment in Street Trees among Six Cities in Western Countries and China

Guo,

Hu,

Qin

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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The tree crown volume (CV), as a major indicator in the evaluation of ecological environment quality, can assess the health and carbon sequestration of urban trees. In this study, a new low-cost method, the plane calculation of angle disparity (PCAD), was employed to obtain the CV in China using satellite images from Google Earth. Meanwhile, primary data on street trees from four Western cities were acquired from online datasets. Nonparametric statistical methods showed no significant difference in CV per street tree between Beijing and Shanghai in China, ranging from 10 to 150 m3, almost one-seventh of that in the four cities (Paris and London in Europe and Los Angeles and Seattle in America). The CV of Platanus acerifolia in Paris and London exhibited values five times higher than those in Beijing and Shanghai. The annual crown volume increment (CVI) was less than 5 m3 in Beijing and Shanghai, significantly lower than in Seattle (66.55 m3). The purpose of the research was to verify the operability of the PCAD and compare the CVI in different cities all over the world, providing new ideas for urban tree management and carbon sequestration evaluation and a basis for government decision making in areas with a low CVI.

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Crown Shapes of Urban Trees-Their Dependences on Tree Species, Tree Age and Local Environment, and Effects on Ecosystem Services

Cited by 30 publications

References 55 publications

Parametrization of biological assumptions to simulate growth of tree branching architectures

Parametrization of biological assumptions to simulate growth of tree branching architectures

Urban greening with shrubs can supercharge invertebrate abundance and diversity

Comparison of Crown Volume Increment in Street Trees among Six Cities in Western Countries and China

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