Crucial plant processes under heat stress and tolerance through heat shock proteins

Nano-Food Farming Approaches to Mitigate Heat Stress under Ongoing Climate Change: A Review

“…Heat stress can lead to irreversible damage to plant functions or development. Several responses have been recorded, including changes at morpho-biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels (Figure 7; [17,30,141]). These impacts can cause changes in phenology, increase oxidative stress, inhibit seed germination, cause turgor loss, alter photosynthesis, lower transpiration rates, and reduce biomass and carbohydrate metabolism [141].…”

“…(3) Protect heat shock proteins, the formation of buds, and the development of pollen and fruits from dehydration, and delay leaf senescence; (4) Promote the photosynthesis rate and antioxidant defenses, and activate defense pathways; (5) Regulate heat shock factors, transcription, and epigenetics; (6) Utilize heat-tolerant varieties [17,30,141]. Thermal stress can cause enormous damage to cell membranes, as well as many plant processes, including triggering oxidative stress, producing ROS, decreasing protein synthesis/metabolism, and altering the production of antioxidants and phytohormones, leading to changes in hormonal homeostasis [17].…”

“…In some regions like Egypt, higher temperatures have been recorded in recent years, reaching more than 50 • C and causing catastrophic productivity damage to many crops, including banana and other horticultural crops (Figure 8). Such high temperatures cause heat stress and clearly inhibit crop growth due to sunburned leaves and twigs, senescent leaves, and blotching of fruits and leaves [30]. Generally, the signs of heat stress on plants can be manifested by symptoms such as rolling and cupping of leaves; drying of leaf margins; dropping of flowers and/or fruits, buds and blossoms; premature blooming and bolting; or wilting of the entire plant [18].…”

“…At warm temperatures, plants can induce thermos-morphogenesis, whereas high temperatures trigger heat acclimation that leads to negative effects on growth and development [29]. These effects involve the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause damage to cell organelles and membranes, which reduces the assimilation of nutrients and the photosynthetic process [30]. Several approaches have been suggested to address heat stress [31] or related stress mitigations [32].…”

Genome-Wide in Silico Analysis of the Heat Shock Protein (HSP) Family in Vigna Species: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response

“…They are important regulators of growth responses (Zhang et al, 2021). All living things, from bacteria to humans, are members of the highly conserved and ancient protein family known as heat shock proteins (Juneja et al, 2023;Mondal et al, 2023). These proteins are involved in several cellular activities that are vital for preserving cellular homeostasis.…”