Crucial Reactions for Salt Tolerance in Yeast

Serrano, Ramón; Ali, Rashid; Culiáñez-Macià, Francisco A.; Espinosa, Ana; Ferrando, Alejandro; García, María J.; Gaxiola, Roberto A.; Gläser, Heinz-U.; Márquez, José Antonio; Miralles, Vicente J.; Montrichard, Françoise; Murguía, José Ramón; Ríos, Gabino; Rodrı́guez, Pedro L.; Romero, Carlos

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61175-9_10

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…NaCl stimulates osmotic responses in essentially the same way as sugars or sugar alcohols at concentrations causing similar water activity (86,500,501). Na ϩ , however, is toxic, because it replaces K ϩ in biomolecules (537,538). Therefore, Na ϩ stimulates additional detoxification responses.…”

Section: Yeasts Live In a Variable Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts

Hohmann

2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,529

1,440

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The ability to adapt to altered availability of free water is a fundamental property of living cells. The principles underlying osmoadaptation are well conserved. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model system with which to study the molecular biology and physiology of osmoadaptation. Upon a shift to high osmolarity, yeast cells rapidly stimulate a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, which orchestrates part of the transcriptional response. The dynamic operation of the HOG pathway has been well studied, and similar osmosensing pathways exist in other eukaryotes. Protein kinase A, which seems to mediate a response to diverse stress conditions, is also involved in the transcriptional response program. Expression changes after a shift to high osmolarity aim at adjusting metabolism and the production of cellular protectants. Accumulation of the osmolyte glycerol, which is also controlled by altering transmembrane glycerol transport, is of central importance. Upon a shift from high to low osmolarity, yeast cells stimulate a different MAP kinase cascade, the cell integrity pathway. The transcriptional program upon hypo-osmotic shock seems to aim at adjusting cell surface properties. Rapid export of glycerol is an important event in adaptation to low osmolarity. Osmoadaptation, adjustment of cell surface properties, and the control of cell morphogenesis, growth, and proliferation are highly coordinated processes. The Skn7p response regulator may be involved in coordinating these events. An integrated understanding of osmoadaptation requires not only knowledge of the function of many uncharacterized genes but also further insight into the time line of events, their interdependence, their dynamics, and their spatial organization as well as the importance of subtle effects

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Section: Yeasts Live In a Variable Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts

Hohmann

2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,529

1,440

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Sodium ions are toxic because they take the place of potassium, which is required for the activity of numerous proteins (39,40). Moreover, sodium specifically inhibits the normal function of certain proteins, as demonstrated for the Hal2 protein phosphatase (41).…”

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confidence: 99%

Gis4, a New Component of the Ion Homeostasis System in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2006

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Gis4 is a new component of the system required for acquisition of salt tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gis4⌬ mutant is sensitive to Na ؉ and Li ؉ ions but not to osmotic stress. Genetic evidence suggests that Gis4 mediates its function in salt tolerance, at least partly, together with the Snf1 protein kinase and in parallel with the calcineurin protein phosphatase. When exposed to salt stress, mutants lacking gis4⌬ display a defect in maintaining low intracellular levels of Na ؉ and Li ؉ ions and exporting those ions from the cell. This defect is due to diminished expression of the ENA1 gene, which encodes the Na ؉ and Li ؉ export pump. The protein sequence of Gis4 is poorly conserved and does not reveal any hints to its molecular function. Gis4 is enriched at the cell surface, probably due to C-terminal farnesylation. The CAAX box at the C terminus is required for cell surface localization but does not seem to be strictly essential for the function of Gis4 in salt tolerance. Gis4 and Snf1 seem to share functions in the control of ion homeostasis and ENA1 expression but not in glucose derepression, the best known role of Snf1. Together with additional evidence that links Gis4 genetically and physically to Snf1, it appears that Gis4 may function in a pathway in which Snf1 plays a specific role in controlling ion homeostasis. Hence, it appears that the conserved Snf1 kinase plays roles in different pathways controlling nutrient as well as stress response.

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Crucial Reactions for Salt Tolerance in Yeast

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts

Osmotic Stress Signaling and Osmoadaptation in Yeasts

Gis4, a New Component of the Ion Homeostasis System in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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