Crude glycerin decreases nonesterified fatty acid concentration in ewes during late gestation and early lactation

Abstract

Crude glycerin is a gluconeogenic substrate in ruminants and may help to decrease the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia. The objective in this trial was to determine the effects of feeding a diet containing crude glycerin on DMI, milk yield, milk composition, and blood metabolites in periparturient ewes and lamb performance. One hundred eighteen 90 (±1.1)-d pregnant Santa Inês ewes were used. After lambing, 32 ewes (62.8 ± 1.3 kg BW) were allotted in a randomized complete block design defined by prelambing diet, BW, BCS, lambing date, type of birth (single or twin), and sex of offspring. Diets were isonitrogenous (13.0 ± 0.3% CP, DM basis), composed of concentrate and raw sugarcane bagasse (70:30 ratio, DM basis), and fed ad libitum daily. Crude glycerin (83.6% glycerol) levels were 0 or 10% (DM basis), corresponding to the experimental diets G0 and G10, respectively. From 8 until 56 d of lactation, DMI was determined. In the same period, once a week at 1000 h, the ewes were separated from the lambs and mechanically milked after intravenous administration of 10 IU of synthetic oxytocin. Three hours after the first milking, ewes were milked again and milk yield and composition were determined. Glucose, NEFA, and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were determined at -14, -7, 0, 7, 14, 28, and 56 d relative to lambing and insulin was determined at -14, -7, 0, and 7 d. Crude glycerin did not affect DMI (2.2 kg/d for G0 vs. 2.2 kg/d for G10; = 0.93) or milk production (171 g/3 h for G0 vs. 164 g/3 h for G10; = 0.66). However, there was a decrease ( = 0.01) in milk fat percentage (8.1% for G0 vs. 7.0% for G10) for ewes fed glycerin. Ewes fed the G10 diet had decreased ( < 0.01) NEFA concentration (0.27 mmol/L for G0 vs. 0.18 mmol/L for G10). There was an interaction between diet × time for glucose ( = 0.04), insulin ( = 0.05), and BHBA ( = 0.01); feeding glycerin increased glucose (5.61 mmol/L for G0 vs. 7.42 mmol/L for G10; < 0.01) and insulin concentrations (10.5 μIU for G0 vs. 24.5 μIU for G10; < 0.01) at parturition compared with G0. The BHBA was less ( = 0.02) on the day of lambing (0.40 mmol/L for G0 vs. 0.29 mmol/L for G10) and it was greater ( < 0.01) on d 56 for ewes fed the G10 diet (0.46 mmol/L for G0 vs. 0.61 mmol/L for G10). There was no effect of diets fed to ewes on lamb growth from birth to weaning. Crude glycerin improved energy balance of periparturient ewes, suggesting a reduced risk of developing clinical metabolic-related disorders. Crude glycerin can be added at 10% of ewes' diets without affecting DMI and milk yield.

Thyme essential oil for sheep: effect on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, and growth

“…effect, e ij = random error A, T k = fixed effect of time, D i T k = fixed effect of treatment × time interaction, b j T k = random effect of block × time interaction, and e ijk = random error B. All data analyzed as repeated measures were tested for the same covariance matrices used by Polizel et al (2017), and the best covariance matrices was defined according to the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion value. The effect of treatment, day and interaction of treatment x day were defined by the F test (P< 0.05) of variance analysis.…”

Brazilian red pepper leaves essential oil (Schinus terebinthifolius) in diets for feedlot lambs

“…High energy diets are provided in confined breeding system aiming to maximize animal performance. High concentrate diets for feedlot lambs provide enough energy and protein for weight gain over 250 g/d (Ferreira et al, 2011;Polizel et al, 2017). The use of feed additives that modulate ruminal fermentation is important, improving the propionate production and reducing the damage caused by some rumen microorganisms (Owens et al, 1998), since the inclusion of high levels of concentrate may hinder rumen fermentation (Nagaraja et al, 1997).…”

<b>Suplementação de glicerina na dieta de equinos</b>

“…Grande parte dessa produção vem da reutilização do insumo doméstico, tipo óleo de cozinha, o que demonstra o grande apelo ambiental para a produção deste (ISTOÉ, 2018 DROUILLARD, 2009;ARAÚJO et al, 2013;SILVA et al, 2013;DE PAIVA et al, 2015;BENEDETI et al, 2016;POLIZEL et al, 2017), peixes (NEU et al, 2013), cães e gatos (LIMA et al, 2014;MACHADO et al, 2017), suínos (KERR et al, 2009OLIVEIRA et al, 2014) Legenda: * Cálcio (Mínimo) 190,00 g/Kg; Cálcio (Máximo) 215,00 g/kg; Cloro (Mínimo) 105,00 g/kg; Cobalto (Mínimo) 12,00 mg/kg; Cobre (Mínimo) 250,00 mg/kg; Enxofre (Mínimo) 2,00 g/kg; Ferro (Mínimo) 1.000,00 mg/kg; Flúor (Máximo) 720,00 mg/kg; Fósforo (Mínimo) 72,00 g/kg; Iodo (Mínimo) 20,00 mg/kg; Magnésio (Mínimo) 28,00 g/kg; Manganês (Mínimo) 1.000,00 mg/kg; Selênio (Mínimo) 2,00 mg/kg; Sódio (Mínimo) 68,00 g/kg; Zinco (Mínimo) 1500,00 mg/kg. (MARCHELLO et al, 2000).…”

“…Contudo essa enzima também esta ligada a danos musculares, juntamente com a enzima Creatina quinase (CK). Aumento nos valores séricos de AST, com atividade normal de CK, sugere doença hepatobiliar e descarta dano muscular (FRANCISCATO et al, 2006;MELO, 2008 BERENCHTEIN, 2006;DE OLIVEIRA RAMALHO et al, 2012;ANDRADE, 2014;LIMA et al, 2014;DE PAIVA et al, 2015;SOUSA et al, 2015;POLIZEL et al, 2017). As concentrações de pH e de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta são usadas como indicadores da saúde gastrointestinal, tendo importante papel para manutenção do desempenho digestivo e de desenvolvimento em cavalos.…”

“…Coletas realizadas em jejum (-30) e nos demais minutos pós-alimentação (0). Tal efeito demonstrou-se de forma inesperada já que em outras espécies a adição de glicerina tende a diminuir a quantidade de NEFA sanguíneo (POLIZEL et al, 2017). Entretanto, pesquisas quanto às concentrações destes em cavalos com diferentes escores corporais ainda são limitadas já que os balanços energéticos desses animais mudam (GRAY; STANIAR, 2011).…”