Crude oil pollution and biodegradation at the Persian Gulf: A comprehensive and review study

Abstract

The Persian Gulf consider as the fundamental biological marine condition between the seas. There is a different assortment of marine life forms including corals, wipes, and fish in this marine condition. Mangrove timberlands are found all through this seagoing biological system. Sullying of the Persian Gulf to oil-based goods is the principle of danger to this marine condition and this contamination can effectively affect this differing marine condition. Numerous specialists examined the result of oil contamination on Persian Gulf marine creatures including corals sponges, bivalves, and fishes. These analysts affirmed this oil contamination on the Persian Gulf significantly diminished biodiversity. Diverse microorganisms fit to consume oil-based commodities detailed by various scientists from the Persian Gulf and their capacity to the debasement of unrefined petroleum has been examined. There has additionally been little exploration of cyanobacteria, yeast, and unrefined petroleum debasing organisms in this sea-going environment. Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules that upgrade the disintegration of oil and increment their bioavailability to corrupt microscopic organisms. Additionally, biosurfactant-producing bacteria were discovered from the Persian Gulf, and the capability to degradation of crude oil in microscale was evaluated. The current review article aims to collect the finding of various researches performed in the Persian Gulf on oil pollution and crude-oil biodegradation. It is expected that by applying biological methods in combination with mechanical and chemical methods, the hazard consequences of crude-oil contamination on this important aquatic ecosystem at the world will be mitigated and a step towards preserving this diverse marine environment.

Assessment of Hydrocarbon Degradation Potential in Microbial Communities in Arctic Sea Ice

“…Crude oil has been part of the marine environment for millions of years, and microbes that use its rich source of energy and carbon are found in seawater, sediments, and shorelines from the tropics to the polar regions [2,3]. However, petroleum hydrocarbons released into the marine environment also derive from anthropogenic activities such as the drilling, manufacturing, storing, and transporting of crude oil and its products [4]. In the Arctic marine environment, the risk of oil spills is increasing due to climate change that enables the prolonged and more frequent usage of Arctic sea routes [5,6].…”

Biodegradation of crude oil using symbiont crude‐oil degrading bacteria isolated from corals collected at the Persian Gulf

“…The diversity in these two islands can be attributed to the presence of many oil reservoirs, oil extraction activities, and the transfer of petroleum products in these zones, all of which have contributed to the remarkable oil spill in the Persian Gulf and the selection of symbiont degrading bacteria. 23,24 One more interesting and outstanding result from the present study is that the mucosal and tissue parts of Lark Island corals demonstrated more diversity in degrading crude oil than other corals. 25,26 Eleven degrading bacteria were isolated from collected corals from Lark Island.…”

Possible Future Risks of Pollution Consequent to the Expansion of Oil and Gas Operations in Qatar

“…By adhering to suspended sediments of greater density, oil droplets dispersed in water may also sink to bottom waters and sediments, which happens naturally as the Gulf is shallow (The National Academy of Science [NAS], 2003). Since the start of the Iraq-Iran war in 1980 and the following conflicts in the region, a substantial volume of crude oils and industrial wastewater has been spilt into the Arabian Gulf, causing much disruption to marine life (de Mora et al, 2010;Freije, 2015;Hassanshahian, Amirinejad, & Askarinejad Behzadi, 2020).…”