Crude Oil Transportation: Nigerian Niger Delta Waxy Crude

Taiwo, E. A.; Otolorin, John Adebayo; Afolabi, Tinuade Jolaade

doi:10.5772/35609

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These behaviors were established by the correlation coefficients obtained when modeling analysis carried out by fitting the rheological data to three existing models namely, Bingham plastic model, Casson plastic model and power law model as recorded in Table 3. The observations is in agreement with the findings of previous researchers (Soni & Bharambe, 2006;Taiwo, Otolorin, & Afolabi, 2012) of Sample C displayed Bingham behavior at 25 • C a temperature slightly above its pour point of 24 • C with small yield stress of about 0.6298 Pa and as the temperature reduces further, it behaves more non-Newtonian with higher yield stress (Table 4). At 30 • C, sample C tend to behave pseudoplastic with zero yield stress.…”

Section: Rheological Measurement Of Crude Oil Samples Without Additivessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…17). This is in agreement with the suggestion of previous researchers (Gateau, Henaut, Barre, & Argillier, 2004;Taiwo et al, 2012). Furthermore, the oleate esters (in the natural oil in addition to the oleic acid) may have made stronger H-bonds with resin or asphaltene than those between resin and asphaltene molecules; H-bonds among asphaltene-oleate-resin stretch into the space and thus, the mutual overlapping of the aromatic ring planes of resins and asphaltene reduces greatly, hence, the viscosity of the crude oil reduces.…”

Section: Rheological Measurements Of Dozed Samplessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, further doping of the crude oil samples with RSO in almost all the cases reduced the viscosity of the sample beyond what TEA could do at 0.2% concentration. Performance of TEA on the crude oil samples is in agreement with the findings of previous researchers on its ability as flow improver (Popoola et al, 2015;Taiwo et al, 2009Taiwo et al, , 2012. In all the samples tested, JSO and CSO performed as better flow improvers than TEA at low temperatures (15-25 • C).…”

Section: Rheological Measurements Of Dozed Samplessupporting

confidence: 90%

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A study on the use of plant seed oils, triethanolamine and xylene as flow improvers of Nigerian waxy crude oil

Akinyemi

Udonne

Efeovbokhan

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Research and Technology

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Chemical methods are the most convenient and economical for wax precipitation and deposition prevention. The chemical additives so far in use have varied limitations, ranging from high cost to limited spread of crude oil that a particular additive can handle. The influence of cheaper natural chemicals, obtained from plant seeds (jatropha -JSO, rubber -RSO and castor -CSO) on the rheological properties and wax deposition tendencies of Nigerian waxy crude oil were investigated. Previously tested synthetic chemical additives (triethanolamine -TEA and xylene) were simultaneously examined too on the crude oils for comparative study. Four different crude oil samples obtained from Niger Delta region of Nigeria used for the study were characterized to obtain their hydrocarbon composition, wax content, pour points, viscosities, specific gravity and APIg using standard methods. The rheological properties such as apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield stress were determined for the crude oils doped and undoped with the chemical additives using Fann V-G Standard Viscometer. The results obtained revealed that oils from the three seeds could be used as flow improvers and pour depressants for Nigerian waxy crude oil. Jatropha and castor seed oils depressed the pour point than the previously investigated triethanolamine. They are capable of depressing the pour point up to about 17 • C, and they can also reduce the viscosity of the waxy crude oil appreciably within 0.1-0.3% (v/v) dosage concentration. Also, CSO could exhibit as high as 77.7% paraffin inhibition efficiency (PIE) and JSO 73.5% at low concentration of doping.

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Section: Rheological Measurement Of Crude Oil Samples Without Additivessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Rheological Measurements Of Dozed Samplessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Rheological Measurements Of Dozed Samplessupporting

confidence: 90%

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A study on the use of plant seed oils, triethanolamine and xylene as flow improvers of Nigerian waxy crude oil

Akinyemi

Udonne

Efeovbokhan

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Research and Technology

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“…Firstly, the polar compound, which is VA, comprises methyl and methylene groups that contains two active oxygen atoms-due to this, EVA exhibits strong van der Waals interaction with the long-chain paraffin waxes. As a result, the wax solubility is increased, the gel strength of the wax is reduced, and ultimately there is a reduction in the wax deposition [75,90,91]. Secondly, the non-polar long alkyl moieties of EVA will interact with the long-chain paraffin waxes.…”

Section: Pour Point Depressant (Ppd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax Formation Mechanisms, Wax Chemical Inhibitors and Factors Affecting Chemical Inhibition

2020

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When crude oil is extracted out of a subterranean reservoir at high temperature and pressure, it is usually transported via a pipeline, where the crude oil experiences radical changes in its physical and chemical properties, instigating numerous complications. Among the various flow assurance problems, wax deposition and build up are among the most commonly found. However, the accurate mechanism of wax deposition is still unclear and is widely debated among researchers. The mechanism under multiphase conditions is also an ambiguity. This review covers the six wax deposition mechanisms, the challenges in multiphase flow conditions, the latest types of chemical inhibitor, and a summary of factors governing chemical inhibitor performance.

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“…If this relationship is linear then the fluid is known as Newtonian fluid and if the relation is nonlinear, then the relation is considered non-Newtonian (Livescu, 2012). Many models have been proposed up to now to describe the rheological behavior of crude oil such as Power law model and the Casson model (Al-Zahrani, 1997;Taiwol et al, 2012). In this work, a model have been proposed which matches best with the experimental data for Indian waxy crude oil sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

An empirical correlation for estimating the viscosity of non-Newtonian waxy crude oils

Sharma

Mahto

Sharma

et al. 2016

Petroleum Science and Technology

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Non-Newtonian fluids are the most complex ones when it comes to predicting their flow behavior. In the pre-existing models, rheological behavior in waxy crude oils is mainly affected by shear rate and thermal history of crude oils. In the present work, rheological characteristics of four different crude oils were studied by coaxial cylindrical rheometer at three different temperatures (40°C, 50°C, and 60°C) and a model was proposed keeping into consideration wax content for the first time. This model is prepared to predict the viscosity of four different crude oils with different wax content and at different temperature. The proposed model can efficiently estimate the viscosity as compared to other established models.

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Crude Oil Transportation: Nigerian Niger Delta Waxy Crude

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

A study on the use of plant seed oils, triethanolamine and xylene as flow improvers of Nigerian waxy crude oil

A study on the use of plant seed oils, triethanolamine and xylene as flow improvers of Nigerian waxy crude oil

Wax Formation Mechanisms, Wax Chemical Inhibitors and Factors Affecting Chemical Inhibition

An empirical correlation for estimating the viscosity of non-Newtonian waxy crude oils

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