Crust and upper mantle structure of a continental backarc: central North Island, New Zealand

Stratford, W.; Stern, T. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.02967.x

Cited by 106 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Te Punga (1957) indicated that a radial drainage pattern may have existed at some point on the Mt Stewart-Halcombe Anticline, while Jackson et al (1998) drew attention to what may be the remnants of a radial drainage pattern at the southern end of the Pohangina Anticline. Pillans (1983) noted that the southern Wanganui Basin may currently be undergoing minor tectonic subsidence, rather than uplift, and Stratford and Stern (2006) have recently drawn attention to the nature of vertical plate kinematics to the north -a pattern of crustal extension in a continental back-arc zone. Hence, the exact nature of active tilting and any drainage development that predates current tilting makes any analysis of long-term tectonic effects difficult to deconvolve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tilting of active folds and drainage asymmetry on the Manawatu anticlines, New Zealand: a preliminary investigation

Clement¹,

Brook

2008

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The apparent southward tilting of five anticlines in the Manawatu, North Island, New Zealand, is investigated using two drainage basin analysis techniques: the transverse topographic symmetry factor (T ) and the asymmetry factor (AF). The techniques are used to determine whether westward-flowing trunk streams on the gentle western limbs of five anticlines are migrating southwards across their drainage basins, concomitant with down-tilting of the fold axes. While results show potential for the techniques to be applied in such a tectonic setting, our findings are inconclusive. This could be due to the incipient nature of the folds (c. 0·5 Ma in age), and it would seem more appropriate to apply the techniques in concert with detailed field analyses of river migration patterns. Copyright Geologic SettingThe Manawatu region of the Wanganui Basin on North Island, New Zealand, contains a series of anticlinal folds trending N-S to NNE-SSW, between the Ruahine Range to the east and the Tasman Sea to the west (Figure 1). Though the topography is subdued, the anticlines form clear ridges rising c. 100-200 m above the surrounding landscape. The stratigraphy and subsurface structure has been outlined by Feldmeyer et al. (1943), Anderton (1981) and Melhuish et al. (1996). Quaternary marine mudstones c. 1000-2000 m thick overlie basement greywacke of TriassicJurassic age (Jackson et al., 1998). All the anticlines discussed here deform sediments and marine surfaces thought to be less than c. 0·5 Ma in age ( Figure 2). As identified by Jackson et al. (1998), a prominent geomorphic feature pervading the anticlines is a preserved marine surface, especially visible on the shallow western limbs. This is manifest as planar interfluves between parallel streams that dissect the limbs of the rising anticlines. This preserved marine horizon was presumably sub-horizontal, and is thought to have formed c. 300 000 yr ago during the Brunswick Interglacial, based on the presence of Griffins Road Tephra (c. 300-340 ka; Pillans, 1994). Following Jackson et al. (1998), the five folds appear to display other common features (Figure 2), including (1) steep eastern limbs (<60°), compared with gentle western limbs (2-4°); (2) a drainage divide close to the eastern (steep) limb of each anticline, apparently coincident with the anticlinal axis; (3) a fold axis that plunges to the south; (4) parallel streams on the shallow western limbs of the folds and (5) surface tilting to the south, which has caused on the western limbs the capture of any low relief parallel streams adjacent to the north of trunk streams. Hence, the main (trunk) streams on the western limbs have (captured) tributaries joining from their northern sides, but not from their southern sides. MethodsAdams (1980) used geodetic levelling and meander belt positions within their active flood plains to identify crossvalley tilt directions, and suggested sections of the Mississippi River occupied the eastern side of the floodplain due to eastward tilting of basement fault blocks. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tilting of active folds and drainage asymmetry on the Manawatu anticlines, New Zealand: a preliminary investigation

Clement¹,

Brook

2008

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…tion in the resistivity (Heise et al, 2007). A further significant drop of resistivity can be seen at about 15 km depth, which coincides with the base of the quartzo-feldspathic crust (Harrison and White, 2006;Stratford and Stern, 2006) beneath which underplating is believed to be occurring, and a higher proportion of melt is present (Charlier et al, 2005).…”

Section: Deep Structure and Heat Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Investigations of deep resistivity structures at the Wairakei geothermal field

et al. 2009

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“…Southward, the Taupo volcanic zone passes into the South Wanganui Basin, where, in the northern sector, marine sedimentary sequences are currently up-doming and normal and reverse faulting and synclinal and anticlinal folding are taking place (Kamp et al, 2004;Pulford and Stern, 2004;Villamor and Berryman, 2006b). Ruapehu is thus in a unique position where volcanic landscapes abut nonvolcanic terrains, and subduction tectonics give way to strike-slip faulting to the south (Wood and Davy, 1994;Stratford and Stern, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Impacts of catastrophic volcanic collapse on the erosion and morphology of a distal fluvial landscape: Hautapu River, Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand

Tost

Cronin

Procter

et al. 2014

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Debris avalanches caused by the collapse of volcanic fl anks pose a great risk to inhabited areas and may permanently change the surrounding landscape and its drainage systems. In this research, we explored the interplay between a debris avalanche and a tectonically uplifting surrounding landscape, providing insights into the long-term consequences of volcanic edifi ce failures . Exposures of coarse volcaniclastic sediments along the Hautapu River ~50 km southeast of Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand, show evidence of the largest known collapse event of the stratovolcano, which was followed by a vigorous regrowth phase that produced numerous pyroclastic eruptions and pumice-rich lahars. Similar diamicton deposits are exposed within the river catchment adjacent to the west. Coverbed stratigraphy and geochemical correlation of ande sitic lava blocks within the debris-avalanche deposit with dated lavas exposed on the cone indicate that deposition occurred between 125 and 150 ka. The collapse took place during the shift from a glacial to an interglacial climate, when glaciers on the cone were in retreat, and high porewater pressures combined with deep hydrothermal alteration weakened the cone. In addition, collapse may have been accompanied by magmatic unrest. The ~2-3 km 3 debris avalanche inundated an area of >260 km 2 and entered the proto-Hautapu catchment, where it was channelized within the deeply entrenched valley. Mass-wasting events associated with postcollapse volcanism continued to be channeled into the proto-Hautapu River for another ~10 k.y., producing longrunout lahars. Subsequently, the river catchment was isolated from the volcano by incision of the intervening Whangaehu River into the proximal volcaniclastic sediments, accompanied by regional faulting and graben deepening around Ruapehu. At present, the volcaniclastic deposits form a distinctive plateau on the highest topographic elevation within the Hautapu Valley, forming a reversed topography caused by preferred incision of the Hautapu River into softer Late Tertiary sediments concurrent with constant uplift.

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Crust and upper mantle structure of a continental backarc: central North Island, New Zealand

Cited by 106 publications

References 75 publications

Tilting of active folds and drainage asymmetry on the Manawatu anticlines, New Zealand: a preliminary investigation

Tilting of active folds and drainage asymmetry on the Manawatu anticlines, New Zealand: a preliminary investigation

Investigations of deep resistivity structures at the Wairakei geothermal field

Impacts of catastrophic volcanic collapse on the erosion and morphology of a distal fluvial landscape: Hautapu River, Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand

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