Crustacea in Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice: Distribution, Diet and Life History Strategies

Arndt, Carolin E.; Swadling, Kerrie M.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(06)51004-1

Cited by 71 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 273 publications

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“…These prey items occur in substantial densities relatively far from Magdalenefjorden, in the marginal sea ice zone (ca 110-140 km from the colony at that time, Fig. 1) and in the open sea in the West Spitsbergen Current (Lønne and Gulliksen 1991;Scott et al 1999;Arndt and Swadling 2006;Hop et al 2006;Kwasniewski et al 2010). The regular presence of the ice-associated amphipod A. glacialis in food samples from Magdalenefjorden has been reported earlier (Kwasniewski et al 2010;Boehnke et al 2015), and GPS tracking has confirmed that little auks forage repeatedly in the marginal sea ice zone .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Intra-seasonal variation in zooplankton availability, chick diet and breeding performance of a high Arctic planktivorous seabird

et al. 2016

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Different phenological responses to climate changes by species representing preys and predators may lead to mismatch between functionally dependent components of an ecosystem, with important effects on its structure and functioning. Here, we investigate withinseason variation in zooplankton availability, chick diet composition and breeding performance of a small planktivorous seabird, the little auk (Alle alle) in two large colonies in Hornsund and Magdalenefjorden, Spitsbergen, differing in synchrony of breeding (11-day vs. 22-day hatching period, respectively). Assuming similar zooplankton phenology and existing differences in duration of the little auk breeding period, we expected lower availability of the preferred food in the less synchronized colony in Magdalenefjorden and in consequence a negative effect on nestling body mass and survival. We found that in both colonies Calanus glacialis (copepodite stage CV) was the most important prey item in the chick diet making up 68-87 % of the biomass and energy of all prey items. The only exception was the end of the chick-rearing period in Magdalenefjorden, when contribution of this prey item was significantly lower (24-26 %). Thus, late breeders in Magdalenefjorden were apparently mismatched regarding C. glacialis CV availability. However, the hatching date did not affect birds fitness (reproductive output and chick pre-fledging mass) significantly. Results of our study indicate that little auks breeding on Spitsbergen can respond to a wide range of environmental conditions and prey availabilities through the plasticity of their foraging behaviour, which may help them to maintain their optimum fitness level in changing and unpredictable environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Intra-seasonal variation in zooplankton availability, chick diet and breeding performance of a high Arctic planktivorous seabird

et al. 2016

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“…These prey taxa occur in substantial densities relatively far from Magdalenefjorden (Hop et al 2006). The persistent presence of the ice-associated pelagic amphipod A. glacialis (Hop et al 2000, Arndt & Swadling 2006, reported earlier from the same colony by Kwasniewski et al (2010), strongly suggests that little auks from Magdalenefjorden are able to forage regularly in the marginal sea ice zone. The longer duration of foraging flights recorded in Magdalenefjorden, compared to Hornsund, supports this suggestion.…”

Section: Diet Composition and Food Condition In Foraging Areasmentioning

confidence: 73%

Foraging effort does not influence body condition and stress level in little auks

Jakubas¹,

Głuchowska²,

Wojczulanis‐Jakubas³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In conditions of deteriorating food availability, seabirds may maximize their breeding success by increasing reproductive effort, which compromises body condition, stress level, survival, and future reproductive success. We studied a small planktivorous alcid, the little auk Alle alle, in 2 breeding colonies in west Spitsbergen, Norway (Hornsund and Magdalenefjorden) with contrasting oceanographic conditions (Arctic and Atlantic environments, respectively). We hypothesized that the chick diet composition and parental foraging effort differs between these colonies, which results in intercolony variation in body mass and stress level of both adults and chicks. We found differences in sea temperature and salinity (both lower in Hornsund) and the abundance of Atlantic copepod Calanus finmarchicus (3.6 times less abundant in Hornsund) between foraging areas. Birds from both colonies foraged selectively on Calanus glacialis CV. Composition, total biomass and energy content of food loads were similar in both colonies, though food delivered to nestlings in Magdalenefjorden was more diverse. The frequency of feeds was also similar in both colonies. Parent little auks in Magdalenefjorden, however, performed longer foraging trips than in Hornsund (medians 183 vs. 124 min). Longer foraging trips suggest that these birds traveled longer distances to find abundant prey at the marginal sea ice zone and/or spent more time foraging close to the colony but in poorer foraging areas. Despite increased parental efforts in Magdalenefjorden, body mass and stress levels of adults and chicks were similar in both colonies. This suggests that little auks from northwest Spitsbergen did not reach a threshold requiring prioritization of self-maintenance over chick provisioning.

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“…Among these 11 species, however, only Eusirus spp. have been reported to be associated with sea ice (Arndt and Swadling, 2006). Also in ice-free water, under-representation of the surface community can occur, because the RMT samples the upper 10-15 m in the wake of the ship, where surface water is displaced by the forward moving vessel and propeller mixing.…”

Section: Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution and community structure of Antarctic macrozooplankton and micronekton

Flores

Hunt

Kruse

et al. 2014

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tThe macrozooplankton and micronekton community of the Lazarev Sea (Southern Ocean) was investigated at 3 depth layers during austral summer, autumn and winter: (1) the surface layer (0-2 m); (2) the epipelagic layer (0-200 m); and (3) the deep layer (0-3000 m). Altogether, 132 species were identified. Species composition changed with depth from a euphausiid-dominated community in the surface layer, via a siphonophore-dominated community in the epipelagic layer, to a chaetognathdominated community in the deep layer. The surface layer community predominantly changed along gradients of surface water temperature and sea ice parameters, whereas the epipelagic community mainly changed along hydrographical gradients. Although representing only 1% of the depth range of the epipelagic layer, mean per-area macrofauna densities in the surface layer ranged at 8% of corresponding epipelagic densities in summer, 6% in autumn, and 24% in winter. Seasonal shifts of these proportional densities in abundant species indicated different strategies in the use of the surface layer, including both hibernal downward and hibernal upward shift in the vertical distribution, as well as year-round surface layer use by Antarctic krill. These findings imply that the surface layer, especially when it is ice-covered, is an important functional node of the pelagic ecosystem that has been underestimated by conventional depth-integrated sampling in the past. The exposure of this key habitat to climate-driven forces most likely adds to the known susceptibility of Antarctic pelagic ecosystems to temperature rise and changing sea ice conditions.

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Crustacea in Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice: Distribution, Diet and Life History Strategies

Cited by 71 publications

References 273 publications

Intra-seasonal variation in zooplankton availability, chick diet and breeding performance of a high Arctic planktivorous seabird

Intra-seasonal variation in zooplankton availability, chick diet and breeding performance of a high Arctic planktivorous seabird

Foraging effort does not influence body condition and stress level in little auks

Seasonal changes in the vertical distribution and community structure of Antarctic macrozooplankton and micronekton

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