Crustacean Eye-Stalk Hormone and Retinal Pigment Migration

Kleinholz, L. H.

doi:10.2307/1537465

Cited by 92 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The general consensus is that DP migration is under a hormonal control but PP migration is a direct response of retinal cells to visible light (37). DP dispersion under hormonal influence was observed in Palaemonetes adapted to dark after treatment with eyestalk extract from a shrimp adapted to light (38). Garfias et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide‐dependent Pigment Migration Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation in Retinal Pigment Cells of the Crab Neohelice granulata

Filgueira

Guterres

Votto

et al. 2010

Photochem & Photobiology

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The purpose of this study was to verify the occurrence of pigment dispersion in retinal pigment cells exposed to UVA and UVB radiation, and to investigate the possible participation of a nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Retinal pigment cells from Neohelice granulata were obtained by cellular dissociation. Cells were analyzed for 30 min in the dark (control) and then exposed to 1.1 and 3.3 J cm(-2) UVA, 0.07 and 0.9 J cm(-2) UVB, 20 nmβ-PDH (pigment dispersing hormone) or 10 μm SIN-1 (NO donor). Histological analyses were performed to verify the UV effect in vivo. Cultured cells were exposed to 250 μm L-NAME (NO synthase blocker) and afterwards were treated with UVA, UVB or β-PDH. The retinal cells in culture displayed significant pigment dispersion in response to UVA, UVB and β-PDH. The same responses to UVA and UVB were observed in vivo. SIN-1 did not induce pigment dispersion in the cell cultures. L-NAME significantly decreased the pigment dispersion induced by UVA and UVB but not by β-PDH. All retinal cells showed an immunopositive reaction against neuronal nitric oxide synthases. Therefore, UVA and UVB radiation are capable of inducing pigment dispersion in retinal pigment cells of Neohelice granulata and this dispersion may be nitric oxide synthase dependent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide‐dependent Pigment Migration Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation in Retinal Pigment Cells of the Crab Neohelice granulata

Filgueira

Guterres

Votto

et al. 2010

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…the red pigment-concentrating activity (RPCA). which is involved in the color-change of the animals, first recognized by Perkins in 1928 (3), and the distal retinal pigment activity (DRPA), which is involved in the light-and dark-adaptation of the animals, first recognized by Kleinholz in I936 (4). There already existed bioassay procedures for both the activities ( 5 .…”

Section: Purification and Characterization Of The First Invertebrate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate neuropeptide hormones

Josefsson

1983

International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research

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The development of a long-term research program on the neurosecretory hormones of arthropods is described. The purification and full characterization of the first invertebrate neurohormones, the red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) and the distal retinal pigment hormone (DRPH) demonstrated that they are peptides, an octapeptide and an octadecapeptide, respectively. Physiological function studies with the pure hormones and their synthetic preparations showed that the RPCH acts as a general pigment-concentrating hormone (PCH), and that the DRPH, in addition t o its light-adaptive function, also constitutes a general pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH). In the regulation of the coloradaptation of the animals, the two hormones act as antagonists. The chromatophorotropic activities are widely distributed within the arthropod neuroendocrine systems. Purification of the pigment-concentrating activities from the locust corpora cardiaca lead t o the isolation and characterization of the first insect neurohormones, the adipokinetic hormones (AKH I and AKH 11). These two hormones, AKH I being a decapeptide and AKH I1 being an octapeptide, are close structural analogs to the crustacean PCH, demonstrating a common evolution of arthropod neurohormones. The hormones of this PCH-family all cross-react, but structure-function studies of the hormones show that quite different parts of their structure are involved in their binding t o the various receptors.

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“…( I ) Movements of the distal pigment Some at least of these pigment movements are under hormonal control. It was shown by Kleinholz (1936) that injections of eyestalk extract to Palaemonetes in darkness brings about light-adaptation of the distal and reflecting pigments, though that of the distal pigment was more consistent and more pronounced. Removal of the sinus gland without blinding leads to an immobility of the distal pigments in Leander (Knowles, 1950), and it seems reasonably certain that it is the sinus gland which releases a hormone causing light-adaptation of the distal pigment.…”

Section: T H E Control Of Retinal Pigment Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 2 ) Movements of the rejecting pgment Injections of whole eyestalk extracts cause some light-adaptation of the reflecting pigment (Kleinholz, 1936); on the other hand, the reflecting pigment continues to move normally in response to change of illumination in animals from which the sinus gland has been removed (Knowles, 1950). This apparent contradiction might be interpreted as (u) an extra-sinus-gland source of reflecting pigment activator in the eyestalk or (b) the release of an activator from a centre elsewhere in the body as the result of the injection.…”

Section: T H E Control Of Retinal Pigment Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Control in the Crustacea

Knowles¹,

Carlisle

1956

Biological Reviews

138

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SUMMARY The hormones of crustaceans may be grouped into those which control effector organs (chromatophores, muscles) and those which control the more gradual sequences of growth, development and reproduction; they have been termed energetic and metabolic hormones respectively. Most of the known crustacean hormones originate in neurosecretory centres in the central nervous system. The sinus gland is an important part of an elaborate neurosecretory system in the eyestalk of stalk‐eyed crustaceans and in the head of sessile‐eyed forms. It is largely composed of the swollen terminations of neurosecretory fibres. Some cellular elements have also been detected, but it is not yet known whether they have a secretory function. It is generally accepted that the greater part of the secretory material in the sinus gland has been transported thither along axon fibres from cell bodies in the central nervous system, though it has been suggested that the staining reactions of the sinus gland indicate also the probability of chemical transformation, if not autochthonous secretion. After‐sinus gland ablation the cut stump of the nerve leading to it continues to accumulate secretory material. An indiscriminate use of the term X organ in the eyestalk has led to confusion. The X organ, originally described in detail by Hanstrom, is characterized by its association with a sensory papilla and by its contained concentric‐layered structures, here called ‘onion bodies’. The term X organ has been used by some authors to denote a group of neurosecretory cell bodies, the fibres of which terminate in the sinus gland. It is suggested that the sensory papilla X organ (Hanstrom's X organ) should be distinguished from the other X organs as it differs from them morphologically and physiologically. The post‐commissure organs comprise enlargements of the epineurium of two post‐commissure nerves, containing the terminations of neurosecretory fibres. They have been shown to contain chromactivating hormones. The pericardial organs comprise epineurial enlargements containing fine‐fibre terminations. They lie in the pericardial spaces and have been shown to contain substances active on the heart. The Y organ, a glandular structure which contains hormones affecting the rate of development, is located in the antennary segment of those forms which have a maxillary excretory organ and in the second maxillary segment of those which have an antennary excretory organ. Various groups of neurosecretory cells have been detected in the brain and in thoracic ganglia. The term neurohaemal organ has been proposed to denote those tissues, through which substances produced in neurosecretory cells gain ready access to the blood. The pigment pattern of any one crustacean species is fairly constant, but patterns differ in the different groups. The pigments are contained in monochromatic, dichromatic, trichromatic and tetrachromatic chromatophores. The chromactivating substances which have so far been separated from tissue extracts seem to act differentially on these chr...

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Crustacean Eye-Stalk Hormone and Retinal Pigment Migration

Cited by 92 publications

References 17 publications

Nitric Oxide‐dependent Pigment Migration Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation in Retinal Pigment Cells of the Crab Neohelice granulata

Nitric Oxide‐dependent Pigment Migration Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation in Retinal Pigment Cells of the Crab Neohelice granulata

Invertebrate neuropeptide hormones

Endocrine Control in the Crustacea

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