Crustacean Zooplankton of Lake Superior

Watson, N. H. F.; Wilson, Jacqueline B.

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(78)72216-1

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…m 2 (Fig. 12); the range of variation on this transect is similar to the range for all of Lake Superior reported by Watson and Wilson (1978). The frequency distribution of total water column zooplankton also is skewed, with the result that the geometric mean (95% C.I.)…”

Section: Sampling Depthssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The maximum concentration estimated from acoustic backscattering is an order of magnitude larger than the highest from our net samples and from those reported by Watson and Wilson (1978) and by Patalas and Salki (1993) 'for this part of Lake Superior.…”

Section: Sampling Depthscontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…As anticipated from the echograms, zooplankton concentrations were highest near the surface (5 m) and in the thermocline-scattering layer (13 and 15 m) (Table l), where total concentrations (3,000-6,000 rnpJ) were up to 50 times greater than in the samples collected in deeper water. The most abundant zooplankter was Leptodiaptomus sicilis, which is generally the most abundant copepod in Lake Superior (Watson and Wilson 1978;Patalas and Salki 1993). It typically comprised 50-75% of the total microcrustacea.…”

Section: Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the western and northern shore of Lake Superior is an upwelling region, zooplankton concentrations are lower than on the south shore, which is a region of downwelling (Watson and Wilson 1978;Patalas and Salki 1993). In Lake Ontario (Haffner et al 1984) and Lake Erie (Dunstall et al 1990a), the displacement of the surface layer by upwelling deep water changes the composition of near-shore zooplankton assemblages only temporarily, with copepods usually becoming more abundant during upwelling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distributions of zooplankton during coastal upwelling in western Lake Superior

Megard

Kuns

Whiteside

et al. 1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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Zooplankton distributions during coastal upwelling in western Lake Superior were mapped with a high-frequency (192~kHz) sonar system that consists of an echosounder and a navigation receiver connected to a microcomputer. An acoustic transect after a September storm revealed a sloping sound-scattering layer, traceable more than 5 km offshore, in the thermocline between an upwelling water mass and a returning front of surface water. Interfacial shear produced short internal waves on the scattering layer, and regularly spaced plumes of high backscattering in the surface layer were attributed to stream lines of eddies that were transporting sound scatterers from aggregations in the thermocline to the lake surface. The sloping sound-scattering layer was due to high concentrations (up to lo5 ind. m-3) of copepods, chiefly Leptodiuptomus sicilis. Backscattered sound (volume-scattering strength) was highly correlated with concentrations of microcrustacea in samples collected with nets, consistent with Rayleigh scattering theory for ideal elastic spheres the size of adult L. sicilis (target strength = -123 dB).Acoustic sampling revealed a skewed frequency distribution; low animal concentrations (< 1,000 m-j) occupied most (65%) of the zooplankton space, but a small proportion (105 m-3) with concentrations several orders of magnitude larger than the median, Infrequent patches of very high densities are probably a general feature of zooplankton populations, because the patchiness inferred from sound backscattering is similar statistically to distribution patterns in lakes and oceans sampled with conventional methods, The densest aggregations are likely to be the most important for foraging fishes but are so infrequent they are unlikely to be detected with conventional sampling methods.Spatial distribution influences virtually every aspect of the ecology of populations. In the zooplankton, spatial heterogeneity is thought to influence predation and mortality rates, reproduction, feeding, and species diversity (Cryer and Townsend 1988; Priddle et al. 1990; Saiz et al. 1993). A demographic process such as mortality, for example, is likely to be very different qualitatively and quantitively in a dense aggregation than it is where population density is very low. Our understanding of zooplankton populations has been impeded because zooplankton are known to be extremely patchy, and the patterns of distribution have been difficult to Acknowledgments

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Section: Sampling Depthssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Sampling Depthscontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distributions of zooplankton during coastal upwelling in western Lake Superior

Megard

Kuns

Whiteside

et al. 1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The largest lakes are stratified, with onshore and offshore habitats further subdivided into warm and cold water, illuminated and dark water, and cold dark water near the bottom at great depths. Thus, larger lakes have more habitats than small lakes, and different zooplankton species are adapted to these different habitats (Hutchinson 1967;Stoddard 1987;Watson and Wilson 1978). Similarly, patterns of species associations suggest that open-ocean pelagic habitats, which are probably similar to largelake pelagic habitats, can be partitioned into five or more subhabitats (McGowan and Walker 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting crustacean zooplankton species richness

1992

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Data from 66 North American lakes were collected to construct a model for predicting the number of crustacean zooplankton species expected in a lake. The chosen lakes have a range from 4 m* to 80 x lo9 m2 surface area, range from ultra-oligotrophic to hypereutrophic, and have zooplankton species lists based on several years of observation. The number of crustacean zooplankton species in a lake is significantly correlated with lake size, average rate of photosynthesis (parabolic function), and the number of lakes within 20 km. A multiple linear regression model, using these three independent variables, explains -75% of the variation in log species richness. Prediction of species richness was not enhanced by knowledge of lake depth, salinity, elevation, latitude, longitude, or distance to the nearest lake. The North American species-area curve is statistically different from and steeper than the corresponding European curve.

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Opening the black box of winter: Full‐year dynamics of crustacean zooplankton along a nearshore depth gradient in a large lake

Shchapov

Ozersky

2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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Past studies of zooplankton seasonality in large temperate lakes have often neglected the winter period. Winter conditions are rapidly changing (e.g., reduced ice cover extent and duration, altered thermal and mixing regimes) in northern lakes, making it important to fill the existing winter knowledge gap. In this study, we sampled five stations in Lake Superior across a nearshore depth gradient through the full year to assess the phenology of crustacean zooplankton communities and the effect of environmental drivers on them. Across stations, zooplankton densities were the lowest in winter (0.9 AE 0.6 Ind. L À1 ) and highest in summer (14.2 AE 15.1 Ind. L À1 ). Zooplankton abundances and community composition were less seasonally variable at deeper stations compared to shallower and more terrestrially affected regions. Cladocerans were the dominant taxonomic group during the summer across all stations, while cyclopoid and calanoid copepods were more important during the fall, winter, and spring. Among feeding groups, herbivores were most abundant in summer while omnivores and carnivores dominated in winter. We found that water temperature and food availability were the main drivers of total zooplankton densities through the year and during the cold seasons, but the effect of these factors varied among the main taxonomic groups. Our study demonstrates seasonal and spatial variation in crustacean zooplankton and environmental parameters, with the highest fluctuation at shallower stations. This study offers new information on seasonal crustacean zooplankton dynamics and contributes to understanding the effects of climate change on large lake ecosystems.

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Crustacean Zooplankton of Lake Superior

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Spatial distributions of zooplankton during coastal upwelling in western Lake Superior

Spatial distributions of zooplankton during coastal upwelling in western Lake Superior

Predicting crustacean zooplankton species richness

Opening the black box of winter: Full‐year dynamics of crustacean zooplankton along a nearshore depth gradient in a large lake

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