Several geodynamic models have been proposed for the deformation mechanism of Tibetan Plateau (TP), but it remains controversial. Here we applied a method of joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersions with P wave velocity constraint to a dense linear array in the NE Tibet. The results show that the geological blocks, separated by major faults at the surface, are characterized by distinct features in the crust, the Moho, and the uppermost mantle. The main features include crustal low-velocity zones (LVZs) with variable strengths, anomalous Vp/Vs ratios that are correlated with LVZs, a large Moho jump, and other abrupt changes near major faults, strong mantle lithosphere anomalies, and correlation of crustal and mantle velocities. The results suggest a lithospheric-scale deformation of continuous shortening as well as localized faulting, which is affected by the strength of the lithosphere blocks. The thickened mantle lithosphere can be removed, which facilitates the formation of middle-lower crustal LVZ and flow. However, such flow is likely a consequence of the deformation rather than a driving force for the outward growth of the TP. The proposed model of TP deformation and growth can reconcile the continuous deformation within the blocks and major faults at the surface.Plain Language Summary How did the Tibetan Plateau grow to its present height and size? Models have been controversial for decades, including end-members of continuous deformation, rigid block extrusion, and channel flow in middle-lower crust. Here we used a recently developed joint inversion scheme to resolve several key seismic parameters simultaneously in a self-consistent manner for a linear array in the northeast margin of the plateau, which is ideal for testing models for the plateau growth. Our joint inversion results show distinct block-like features, which suggest a lithospheric-scale deformation of continuous shortening as well as localized faulting at the lithospheric scale. The proposed model of Tibetan Plateau deformation and growth can reconcile the continuous deformation within the blocks and major faults at the surface. Key Points: • High-resolution images of Vs and Vp/Vs along a profile in NE Tibet were obtained from a joint inversion with Vp constraints • The geological blocks are characterized by distinct seismic features with correlated crustal and mantle lithosphere structure • Deformation is both continuous and localized and occurs at lithospheric scale Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1