Crustal contamination and fluid/rock interaction in the carbonatites of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain): a C, O, H isotope study

Geological, rare earth elemental and isotopic constraints on the origin of the Banbanqiao Zn–Pb deposit, southwest China

“…This indicates that mantle and organic matter did not contribute significant quantities of C to the hydrothermal fluids, and so the C in the ore-forming fluids was likely provided by the carbonate host rocks, similar to other carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in the studied region . The d 18 O SMOW values of calcite separates from the Banbanqiao deposit are higher than those of mantle (+6.0‰ to +10.0‰; Taylor et al, 1967), but lower than those of marine carbonate rocks (d 18 O SMOW = +20.0‰ to +30.0‰; Veizer and Hoefs, 1976) and sedimentary organic matter (d 18 O SMOW = +24.0‰ to +35.0‰; Liu and Liu, 1997 Zheng and Chen, 2000), which are similar to those of mantle-derived O (Demény and Harangi, 1996;Demény et al, 1998). In the plot of d 13 C PDB vs. d 18 O SMOW values (Fig.…”

“…Generally, there are three principal sources of C in hydrothermal fluids: (i) mantle, (ii) marine carbonate rocks, and (iii) sedimentary organic matter (Taylor et al, 1967;Veizer and Hoefs, 1976;Demény and Harangi, 1996;Liu and Liu, 1997;Demény et al, 1998). The d 13 C PDB values for mantle, marine carbonate and organic matter range from À4.0‰ to À8.0‰ (Taylor et al, 1967), À4.0‰ to +4.0‰ (Veizer and Hoefs, 1976), and À30.0‰ to À10.0‰ (Liu and Liu, 1997), respectively.…”

Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Indian Carbonatites

“…Since then an appreciable amount of isotopic data has been generated from many carbonatite complexes worldwide, and new models have been proposed to explain the observed variations (e.g., Santos and Clayton, 1995;Demény et al, 1998;Ramesh, 1999a, 2000). The fractionation behavior of C and O between various phases involved during the carbonatite generation and evolution and different crystallizing phases within the carbonatites is now better understood (e.g., Mattey et al, 1990;Scheele and Hoefs, 1992;Zheng, 1996Zheng, , 1999Haynes et al, 2003).…”

Origin of the Luping Pb deposit in the Beiya area, Yunnan Province, SW China: Constraints from geology, isotope geochemistry and geochronology

“…In general, carbon in hydrothermal fluids can be derived from the mantle, marine carbonate rocks or sedimentary organic matters (e.g., Demény et al, 1998;Demény and Harangi, 1996;Liu and Liu, 1997;Taylor et al, 1967;Veizer and Hoefs, 1976). The mantle, marine carbonates and organic matters have δ 13 C PDB and δ 18 O SMOW values of − 4.0‰ to − 8.0‰ and + 6.0‰ to + 10.0‰ (Taylor et al, 1967), −4.0‰ to +4.0‰ and +20.0‰ to +30.0‰ (Veizer and Hoefs, 1976), and − 30.0‰ to − 10.0‰ and + 24.0‰ to + 30.0‰ (Liu and Liu, 1997), respectively.…”