“…Geodynamic modeling has been used to address important processes such as slab breakoff (Gerya et al, 2004;Duretz et al, 2011), shallow subduction (van Hunen et al, 2004;Currie and Beaumont, 2011), ridge subduction (Groome and Thorkelson, 2009), deep crustal flow (Royden et al, 1997;Clark and Royden, 2000;Beaumont et al, 2004), delamination (Gray and Pysklywec, 2012;Ueda et al, 2012), intraplate orogenesis (Neil and Houseman, 1999;Pysklywec and Beaumont, 2004;Gorczyk et al, 2012Gorczyk et al, , 2013Gorczyk and Vogt, 2014), and exhumation of UHPM terranes (Gerya et al, 2002;Warren et al, 2008;Beaumont et al, 2009;Sizova et al, 2012). Geodynamic modeling has also been used to evaluate crustal growth at active continental margins (Vogt et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2013) and to understand the links between metamorphism and tectonics (Jamieson and Beaumont, 1988;Sandiford and Powell, 1990;Jamieson et al, 2002Jamieson et al, , 2004Gerya and Stockhert, 2006;Li et al, 2010). Of course, geodynamic modeling has also been applied to the problem of Precambrian geodynamics (van Thienen et al, 2004;van Hunen and van den Berg, 2008;Sizova et al, 2010Sizova et al, , 2014Gerya, 2014;Johnson et al, 2014) and tectonics (Perchuk and , and the formation of the cratonic roots composed of strongly depleted sub-continental mantle lithosphere (Gray and Pysklywec, 2010;…”