Crustal structure of the Ontong Java Plateau: Modeling of new gravity and existing seismic data

Gladczenko, Tadeusz P.; Coffin, Millard F.; Eldholm, Olav

doi:10.1029/97jb01636

Cited by 147 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Further away from the continent-ocean transition regional basin inversion and permanent uplift testify to crustal thickening by magmatic additions (Brodie and White, 1994;Widdowson and Cox, 1996). However, this approach is only suitable in areas with good geophysical coverage and this is not universally available, especially in continental interiors, where there is also no Schubert and Sandwell (1989), except that data for the Kerguelen Plateau is from Gladczenko et al (1997) and Coffin et al (2002), for the Ontong Java Plateau from Coffin and Eldholm (1994) and for Shatsky Rise is from Sager et al (1999). Two volumes are shown for the continental LIPs, an eruptive volume, derived from mapping and an estimated total magmatic volume assuming that 75% of the true magma volume is emplaced within the underlying crust (White et al, 2008).…”

Section: Provincementioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal redistribution, crust–mantle recycling and Phanerozoic evolution of the continental crust

Clift

Vannucchi

Morgan

2009

Earth-Science Reviews

199

151

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Section: Provincementioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal redistribution, crust–mantle recycling and Phanerozoic evolution of the continental crust

Clift

Vannucchi

Morgan

2009

Earth-Science Reviews

199

151

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“…Courtillot et al (2003) Occasional large outpourings of basaltic lavas in submarine settings have also contributed to the plate geology (Kroenke 1996). The most notable is the Ontong Java Plateau, north of the Solomon Islands, which at 60 million km 3 forms the most voluminous large igneous province on Earth (Gladczenko et al 1997). Such outpourings may represent the head of deep mantle plumes that initiate volcanic chains of islands.…”

Section: Island Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The age and origin of the Pacific islands: a geological overview

Neall

Trewick

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

295

237

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The Pacific Ocean evolved from the Panthalassic Ocean that was first formed ca 750 Ma with the rifting apart of Rodinia. By 160 Ma, the first ocean floor ascribed to the current Pacific plate was produced to the west of a spreading centre in the central Pacific, ultimately growing to become the largest oceanic plate on the Earth. The current Nazca, Cocos and Juan de Fuca (Gorda) plates were initially one plate, produced to the east of the original spreading centre before becoming split into three. The islands of the Pacific have originated as: linear chains of volcanic islands on the above plates either by mantle plume or propagating fracture origin, atolls, uplifted coralline reefs, fragments of continental crust, obducted portions of adjoining lithospheric plates and islands resulting from subduction along convergent plate margins. Out of the 11 linear volcanic chains identified, each is briefly described and its history summarized. The geology of 10 exemplar archipelagos ( Japan, Izu-Bonin, Palau, Solomons, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Society, Galápagos and Hawaii) is then discussed in detail.

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“…1), covers an area of 2.0 • 106 km 2 (comparable in size with western Europe), but OJP-related volcanism extends over a considerably larger area into the adjacent Nauru and East Mariana basins. With an average thickness of crust beneath the plateau of 30-35 km (Gladczenko et al 1997;Richardson et al 2000), the volume of igneous rock forming the plateau may be as high as 6 • 107 km 3 (Coffin & Eldholm 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and evolution of magmas on the Ontong Java Plateau

2004

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Abstract:The Early Cretaceous Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) represents by far the largest igneous event on Earth in the last 200 Ma and yet, despite its size, the OJP's basaltic crust appears to be remarkably homogeneous in composition. The most abundant rock type is a uniform low-K tholeiite, represented by the Kwaimbaita Formation on Malaita and found at all but one of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill sites on the plateau and in the adjacent basins. This is capped by a thin and geographically restricted veneer of a slightly more incompatible-element-rich tholeiite (the Singgalo Formation on Malaita and the upper flow unit at ODP Site 807), distinguished from Kwaimbaita-type basalt by small but significant differences in Sr-, Nd-and Pb-isotope ratios. A third magma type is represented by high-Mg (Kroenke-type) basalt found in thick (>100 m) successions of lava flows at two drill sites (ODP Sites 1185 and 1187) 146 km apart on the eastern flank of the plateau. The high-Mg basalt is isotopically indistinguishable from Kwaimbaita-type basalt and may therefore represent the parental magma for the bulk of the OJP. Low-pressure fractional crystallization of olivine followed by olivine+augite+plagioclase can explain the compositional range from high-Mg Kroenketype to Kwaimbaita-type basalt. The Singgalo-type basalt probably represents slightly smaller-degree, late-stage melting of an isotopically distinct component in the mantle source. Primary magma compositions, calculated by incremental addition of equilibrium olivine to aphyric Kroenke-type basalt glass, contain between 15.6% (in equilibrium with Fo90 ) and 20.4% (Fo92) MgO. Incompatible-element abundances in the primary OJP magma can be modelled by around 30% melting of a peridotitic primitive-mantle source from which about 1% by mass of average continental crust had previously been extracted. This large degree of melting implies decompression of very hot (potential temperature >1500~ mantle beneath very thin lithosphere. The initiation of an exceptionally large and hot plume head close to a mid-ocean ridge provides the best explanation for the size, homogeneity and composition of the OJP, but is difficult to reconcile with the submarine eruption of virtually all of the basalt so far sampled.

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Crustal structure of the Ontong Java Plateau: Modeling of new gravity and existing seismic data

Cited by 147 publications

References 93 publications

Crustal redistribution, crust–mantle recycling and Phanerozoic evolution of the continental crust

Crustal redistribution, crust–mantle recycling and Phanerozoic evolution of the continental crust

The age and origin of the Pacific islands: a geological overview

Origin and evolution of magmas on the Ontong Java Plateau

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