Crustin, a WAP domain containing antimicrobial peptide from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Immune characterization

Arockiaraj, Jesu; Gnanam, Annie J.; Dhanaraj, M.; Gudimella, Ranganath; Milton, James; Singh, Arun; Saravanan, Muthupandian; Krishnaveni, M.; Bhassu, Subha

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.009

Cited by 77 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The WAP domain has diverse functions, including proteinase inhibition (Sallenave, 2000 ) and anti-microbial activity (Wiedow et al, 1998 ). Crustin is a cationic cysteine-rich AMP that contains a single WAP domain at the carboxyl terminus and acts against microbial pathogens via both anti-bacterial and agglutinative activities (Arockiaraj et al, 2013 ). Invertebrate WAP proteins are critical in the host immune response against microbial invasion (Li et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Analysis of Gene Expression of Two Toll Receptors in Freshwater Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

2018

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Toll receptors are involved in innate immunity of invertebrates. In this study, we identify and characterize two Toll genes (named HcToll4 and HcToll5) from triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. HcToll4 has complete cDNA sequence of 3,162 bp and encodes a protein of 909 amino acids. HcToll5 cDNA is 4,501 bp in length and encodes a protein of 924 amino acids. Both deduced HcToll4 and HcToll5 protein contain signal peptide, extracellular leucine rich repeats (LRRs), and intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor domains. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that HcToll4 and HcToll5 were largely distributed in the hepatopancreas and could be detected in the gills and mantle. HcToll4 and HcToll5 expression could respond to Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Poly I:C challenge. RNA interference by siRNA results showed that HcToll4 and HcToll5 were involved in the regulation of theromacin (HcThe) and whey acidic protein (HcWAP) expression. Based on these results, HcToll4 and HcToll5 might play pivotal function in H. cumingii innate immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and Analysis of Gene Expression of Two Toll Receptors in Freshwater Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

2018

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“…The composition and rate of mucus secretion have been observed to change in response to microbial exposure or to environmental perturbations such as hyperosmolarity and pH (Ellis, 2001b). Fish mucus contains a variety of biologically active substances and innate immune components including lysozyme (LY), proteases (PR), alkaline phosphatase (AP), esterase (ES), immunoglobulins (IG), complement proteins (CP), lectins (L), C-reactive protein, and various other antibacterial proteins and peptides (Subramanian et al 2008, Palaksha et al 2008, Arockiaraj et al 2012, Arasu et al 2013. It has been reported that these substances are constitutively expressed in mucus to provide immediate protection to fi sh from potential pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fish species

Timalata

Krishnaveni

Rao

et al. 2015

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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., Arockiaraj J. 2015. Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fi sh species. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45 (3): 221-230.Background. Fish epidermal mucus is a key component of innate immune system and plays a major role in protecting fi sh against invading pathogenic microbes. The information on the role of epidermal mucus components is insuffi cient for many commercially important freshwater fi sh species. Hence, this study was directed to understand the innate immune components of epidermal mucus in these fi sh species. Materials and methods. Mucus samples were obtained from African catfi sh, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822); Indonesian snakehead, Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831); striped snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793); marble goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852); Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758); and Asian redtail catfi sh, Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840). The variation in the protein profi le of the mucus were observed using SDS-PAGE analysis. The specifi c activities of various hydrolytic enzymes including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, esterase, and protease were analysed in the mucus and the levels of enzyme activities were compared among the experimental fi shes. We also elucidated the effect of various protease inhibitors on the protease activity and identifi ed the type of proteases in the fi sh mucus by azocasein hydrolysis assay and zymography. Results. Signifi cantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of lysozyme-, alkaline phosphatase-, and esterase activities were observed to be 15.77, 18.96, and 10.65 U · mg -1 protein respectively in C. striatus followed by 13.67, 15.06, and 16.67 U · mg -1 protein, respectively in C. gariepinus. The highest level of protease activity was recorded in H. nemurus (1630.97 U · mg -1 protein) and C. gariepinus (1596.4 U · mg -1 protein). A wide range of variation was noticed in the enzyme activities of fi shes, even from the same genus, for example C. micropeltes and C. striatus. Specifi c inhibitors were added to azocasein hydrolysis assay and zymography experiments to characterize the individual proteases present in the mucus of each fi sh species. This result revealed the highest level of serine proteases in mucus of redtail catfi sh and African catfi sh compared to cysteine and metalloproteases. In contrast, Indonesian snakehead and marble goby had similar levels of serine, cysteine and metalloproteases. Conclusion. This study provides an insight into the presence of various epidermal mucus enzymes in fi shes and therefore believed to be the components of innate immune system that may possibly provide protection for the fi sh against invading pathogenic microbes.

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“…Crustins have different functions, such as bacteriostasis, inhibition of protease activity [7,21,22], bacterial agglutination [39], and possible role in recovery from trauma or response to physiological stress [6]. For example, the type III crustin FcSWD in Chinese white shrimp does not only inhibit bacteria, but it also inhibits the activities of subtilisin A and proteinase K [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four crustins involved in antibacterial responses in Marsupenaeus japonicus

Jiang

Jia

Zhao

et al. 2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Crustin, a WAP domain containing antimicrobial peptide from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Immune characterization

Cited by 77 publications

References 63 publications

Cloning and Analysis of Gene Expression of Two Toll Receptors in Freshwater Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

Cloning and Analysis of Gene Expression of Two Toll Receptors in Freshwater Pearl Mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

Elucidation of innate immune components in the epidermal mucus of different freshwater fish species

Four crustins involved in antibacterial responses in Marsupenaeus japonicus

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