CRY1 is involved in the take-off behaviour of migratory Cnaphalocrocis medinalis individuals

Abstract

Background Numerous insect species undertake long-distance migrations on an enormous scale, with great implications for ecosystems. Given that take-off is the point where it all starts, whether and how the external light and internal circadian rhythm are involved in regulating the take-off behaviour remains largely unknown. Herein, we explore this issue in a migratory pest, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis , via behavioural observations and RNAi experiments. Results The results showed that C. medinalis moths took off under conditions where the light intensity gradually weakened to 0.1 lx during the afternoon or evening, and the take-off proportions under full spectrum or blue light were significantly higher than that under red and green light. The ultraviolet-A/blue light–sensitive type 1 cryptochrome gene ( Cmedcry1 ) was significantly higher in take-off moths than that of non-take-off moths. In contrast, the expression of the light-insensitive CRY2 ( Cmedcry2 ) and circadian genes ( Cmedtim and Cmedper ) showed no significant differences. After silencing Cmedcry1 , the take-off proportion significantly decreased. Thus, Cmedcry1 is involved in the decrease in light intensity induced take-off behaviour in C. medinalis . Conclusions This study can help further explain the molecular mechanisms behind insect migration, especially light perception and signal transmission during take-off phases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-024-01964-4.