Cryo-EM of bacterial pili and archaeal flagellar filaments

Egelman, Edward H.

doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2017.05.012

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The flagellin equivalent is often called archaellin, but we have retained the use of "flagellin" for both, as they perform the same function. Little is known of archaeal flagellins, but there are two structures (22,23), and both have an N-terminal ␣-helix domain equivalent to the bacterial D0 or D1 domain and a C-terminal domain on the surface (22), as shown in Fig. 1A.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Remarkable Dual-Level Diversity of Prokaryotic Flagellins

Reeves

2020

mSystems

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Flagellin, the agent of prokaryotic flagellar motion, is very widely distributed and is the H antigen of serology. Flagellin molecules have a variable region that confers serotype specificity, encoded by the middle of the gene, and also conserved regions encoded by the two ends of the gene. We collected all available prokaryotic flagellin protein sequences and found the variable region diversity to be at two levels. In each species investigated, there are hypervariable region (HVR) forms without detectable homology in protein sequences between them. There is also considerable variation within HVR forms, indicating that some have been diverging for thousands of years and that interphylum horizontal gene transfers make a major contribution to the evolution of such atypical diversity. IMPORTANCE Bacterial and archaeal flagellins are remarkable in having a shared region with variation in housekeeping proteins and a region with extreme diversity, perhaps greater than for any other protein. Analysis of the 113,285 available full-gene sequences of flagellin genes from published bacterial and archaeal sequences revealed the nature and enormous extent of flagellin diversity. There were 35,898 unique amino acid sequences that were resolved into 187 clusters. Analysis of the Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica flagellins revealed that the variation occurs at two levels. The first is the division of the variable regions into sequence forms that are so divergent that there is no meaningful alignment even within species, and these corresponded to the E. coli or S. enterica H-antigen groups. The second level is variation within these groups, which is extensive in both species. Shared sequence would allow PCR of the variable regions and thus strain-level analysis of microbiome DNA.

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“…1A. However, archaeal flagellins are related to type IV pilins (22)(23)(24)(25), whereas the bacterial flagellin export system is related to the type III secretion system (26).…”

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The Remarkable Dual-Level Diversity of Prokaryotic Flagellins

Reeves

2020

mSystems

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“…There is substantial debate over the potential mechanisms of long-range electron transport in e-pili 1,5,6 , which is unresolved in large part because of the lack of a definitive e-pili structure. Although it has been possible to determine the structure of some pili with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) 7 , to date, the thin diameter (3 nm) and high flexibility of G. sulfurreducens e-pili have thwarted structural determination with the cryo-EM approach.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Diverse Archaea exchange electrons with their extracellular environment, reducing extracellular electron acceptors or engaging in direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) with bacteria 28 . The alpha-helix filament structure of archaella resembles that of type IV pili 7,9,10 , suggesting at least a remote possibility of producing an electrically conductive archaellum (e-archaellum) with properties similar to e-pili.…”

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The Archaellum ofMethanospirillum hungateiis Electrically Conductive

Walker

Martz

Holmes

et al. 2018

Preprint

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13Here we report that the archaellum of Methanospirillum hungatei is electrically 14 conductive. Our analysis of the previously published archaellum structure suggests 15 that a core of tightly packed phenylalanines is one likely route for electron 16 conductance. This is the first demonstration that electrically conductive protein 17 filaments (e-PFs) have evolved in Archaea and is the first e-PF for which a structure 18 is known, facilitating mechanistic evaluation of long-range electron transport in e-19PFs. 20 21 22

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“…Tfp are long and dynamic polymeric fibres made of pilin monomers (Egelman, 2017;Kolappan et al, 2016). This fibre is assembled from a platform in the inner membrane (PilM,N,O,P,G).…”

Section: Type IV Pili and Their Interaction With Human Cell Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular interactions betweenNeisseria meningitidisand its human host

Coureuil

Jamet

Bille

et al. 2019

Cellular Microbiology

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Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram‐negative bacterium that asymptomatically colonises the nasopharynx of humans. For an unknown reason, N. meningitidis can cross the nasopharyngeal barrier and invade the bloodstream where it becomes one of the most harmful extracellular bacterial pathogen. This infectious cycle involves the colonisation of two different environments. (a) In the nasopharynx, N. meningitidis grow on the top of mucus‐producing epithelial cells surrounded by a complex microbiota. To survive and grow in this challenging environment, the meningococcus expresses specific virulence factors such as polymorphic toxins and MDAΦ. (b) Meningococci have the ability to survive in the extra cellular fluids including blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The interaction of N. meningitidis with human endothelial cells leads to the formation of typical microcolonies that extend overtime and promote vascular injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute inflammation. In this review, we will focus on the interplay between N. meningitidis and these two different niches at the cellular and molecular level and discuss the use of inhibitors of piliation as a potent therapeutic approach.

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Cryo-EM of bacterial pili and archaeal flagellar filaments

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

The Remarkable Dual-Level Diversity of Prokaryotic Flagellins

The Remarkable Dual-Level Diversity of Prokaryotic Flagellins

The Archaellum ofMethanospirillum hungateiis Electrically Conductive

Molecular interactions betweenNeisseria meningitidisand its human host

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