Cryochemistry of Metal Atoms and Nanoparticles

Cryoradiolysis and Cryospectroscopy for Studies of Heme-Oxygen Intermediates in Cytochromes P450

“…Several other books (20,21) and (22) contain a thorough analysis of fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of chemistry and biochemistry at low temperatures, particularly in the frozen solutions. Many review articles (23-27) provide an excellent introduction into the field of cryobiochemistry and cryoenzymology and offer both general theoretical concepts and valuable experimental information.…”

Synthesis and investigation of properties of cryogel based on polyacrylic acid

“…Radical polymerization was carried out at -30°С temperature for 24 hours. Cryogelic solvents have some specific features in comparison with sample gels formed at higher temperature than their crystallization point [4][5].…”

Cryogels – A Promising Material for Underground Works in Permafrost

“…They are widely used in biotechnology, medicine, food industry and others (Sergeev et al, 1978;Lozinsky, 1998). In many respects this interest results from the excellent mechanical, diffusional and thermophysical properties of PVA cryogels, polymer availability, its non-toxicity and biocompatibility, as well as its relatively simple gelation technique involving freeze-thaw cycling.…”

“…The spatial pattern of cryogels is formed during phase transformation and is stabilized with intermolecular bonds of different nature: covalent, coordination and ionic-electrostatic. This variable bond type generates the cryogel manifold and allows their properties to be varied significantly (Lozinsky, 1998(Lozinsky, , 2002Sergeev et al, 1978).…”

“…In many respects this interest results from the excellent mechanical, diffusional and thermophysical properties of PVA cryogels, polymer availability, its non-toxicity and biocompatibility, as well as its relatively simple gelation technique involving freeze-thaw cycling. It is possible to regulate physico-chemical properties of cryogels within wide limits (Sergeev et al, 1978;Lozinsky, 1998) by varying polymer characteristics (molecular mass, chain-length distribution, content of residual o-acyl groups, tacticity and PVA concentration in the system), solvent composition, additive nature and cryogenic process conditions (temperature and freezing duration, thawing rate, number of over freezing cycles, etc.). In practice water is used as the basic solvent for PVA.…”