Cryogen free cooling of ASTRO-H SXS Helium Dewar from 300 K to 4 K

Kanao, Kenichi; Yoshida, Seiji; Miyaoka, Mikio; Tsunematsu, Shoji; Otsuka, Kiyomi; Hoshika, Shunji; Narasaki, Katsuhiro; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Yamasaki, Noriko Y.; Takei, Yoh; Fujimoto, R.; Sato, Yoichi; Okamoto, Atsushi; Noda, Hirofumi; DiPirro, M.J.; Shirron, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2017.10.018

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…8,19 Using the EM dewar, it was also demonstrated that the He tank could be cooled down from room temperature to 4.5 K only with the cryocoolers and without using LHe. 20 It took about 40 days, confirming that even if the cryocoolers needed to be shut down after depletion of the LHe on orbit, it is possible to restart the cryocoolers and resume detector operation.…”

Section: Performance Verification On Groundmentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Fujimoto

Takei

Mitsuda

et al. 2017

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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Abstract. The soft x-ray spectrometer (SXS) was a cryogenic high-resolution x-ray spectrometer onboard the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) satellite that achieved energy resolution of 5 eV at 6 keV, by operating the detector array at 50 mK using an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The cooling chain from room temperature to the ADR heat sink was composed of two-stage Stirling cryocoolers, a 4 He Joule-Thomson cryocooler, and superfluid liquid helium and was installed in a dewar. It was designed to achieve a helium lifetime of more than 3 years with a minimum of 30 L. The satellite was launched on February 17, 2016, and the SXS worked perfectly in orbit, until March 26 when the satellite lost its function. It was demonstrated that the heat load on the helium tank was about 0.7 mW, which would have satisfied the lifetime requirement. This paper describes the design, results of ground performance tests, prelaunch operations, and initial operation and performance in orbit of the flight dewar and the cryocoolers. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Performance Verification On Groundmentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Fujimoto

Takei

Mitsuda

et al. 2017

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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“…Institutions have carried out a lot of research on JT cryocooler at 2~4 K temperature. In 2017, Sumitomo Heavy Industries (SHI) developed a prototype of the JT cryocooler engineering principle based on the MILES project, which achieved a cooling performance of 40mW@4.5K [12]. The twostage Stirling cryocooler provides 1W@80K and 200 mW@20 K pre-cooling performance when the input power is 106W.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a 2∼4 K closed-cycle JT cryocooler for space application

Pan

Liu

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Cryogenic system proving cooling capacity at liquid helium temperatures is one of the key technologies for space exploration missions. A closed-cycle Joule-Thomson cryocooler capacity of providing different cooling powers at 2∼4 K is developed in our lab. The cryocooler is precooled by a two-stage thermal coupled pulse-tube cryocooler with active phase shifter and driven by multi-stage valved linear compressors. The lowest temperature about 2.5 K and more than 50 mW at about 4.0 K can be obtained by adapting the suited charging pressures. The two-stage pulse tube cryocooler can provide pre-cooling capacity at 17 K and 76 K, respectively with an input power of about 350 W. A large pressure ratio of about 26 and a mass flow rate of 6.7 mg/s can be provide by the multi-stage valved linear compressors with a charge pressure of 0.6 MPa and a total electrical power of less than 110 W. The cooling-down time for the cryocooler from room temperature to about 4 K is less than 10 hours. The cooling system can provide a required cryogenic environment for future space applications.

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“…The first capability was demonstrated by test using the highfidelity engineering model of the complete dewar, 21 and all cryogen-free tests began at the 4.5-K equilibrium state, so the second capability was demonstrated each time cryogen-free tests were conducted.…”

Section: Driving Functional Requirements For Space Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogen-free operation of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer instrument

Sneiderman

Shirron

Fujimoto

et al. 2018

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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Abstract. The Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) is the first space-based instrument to implement operational redundancy of a sub-Kelvin cooling system. Its cooling system includes a superfluid helium cryostat and five cryocoolers, provided by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and three adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADRs) with four active heat switches, provided by NASA. These elements are configured in one of two ways to control the heat sink of the x-ray microcalorimeter detectors at 50 mK. The "helium mode," the simpler of the two modes, is used while liquid helium is present and uses all five cryocoolers and two ADRs. The first two ADR stages operate together and reject their heat directly to the liquid at ∼1.1 K. In the "cryogen-free mode," for operation after the helium is depleted, the first stage ADR operation is unchanged, the second stage is repurposed to control the empty helium tank at ∼1.5 K, and the third stage transfers heat from the 1.5-K stage to the 4.5-K interface of the Joule-Thomson cooler. The development and verification details of this capability are presented within this paper and offer valuable insights into the challenges, successes, and lessons that can benefit other missions, particularly those employing cryogen-free or hybrid cooling systems. © The Authors.Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Cryogen free cooling of ASTRO-H SXS Helium Dewar from 300 K to 4 K

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Development of a 2∼4 K closed-cycle JT cryocooler for space application

Cryogen-free operation of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer instrument

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Cryogen free cooling of ASTRO-H SXS Helium Dewar from 300 K to 4 K

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Performance of the helium dewar and the cryocoolers of the Hitomi soft x-ray spectrometer

Development of a 2∼4 K closed-cycle JT cryocooler for space application

Cryogen-free operation of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer instrument

Contact Info

Product

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Cryogen free cooling of ASTRO-H SXS Helium Dewar from 300 K to 4 K