Cryogen Spray Cooling in Combination With Nonablative Laser Treatment of Facial Rhytides

Kelly, Kristen M.; Nelson, J. Stuart; Lask, Gary; Geronemus, Roy G.; Bernstein, Leonard

doi:10.1001/archderm.135.6.691

Cited by 210 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The irradiation sources included a 1.32 mm Nd:YAG laser [8,9], Er:glass laser (1.54 mm) [10], or non-coherent pulsed light source [11], applied in combination with either CSC or a contact cooling device. All these modalities utilize relatively weakly absorbed radiation, which enables heat deposition deep into the dermis, and active cooling of the skin surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing using repetitive long‐pulse exposure and cryogen spray cooling: II. Theoretical analysis

et al. 2001

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Background and Objective: To analyze the effects of laser pulse duration and cryogen spray cooling (CSC) on epidermal damage and depth of collagen coagulation in skin resurfacing with repetitive Er:YAG laser irradiation. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Evolution of temperature ®eld in skin is calculated using a simple onedimensional model of sub-ablative pulsed laser exposure and CSC. The model is solved numerically for laser pulse durations of 150 and 600 msec, and 6 msec cryogen spurts delivered just prior to (``pre-cooling''), or during and after (``post-cooling'') the 600 msec laser pulse. Results: The model indicates a minimal in¯uence of pulse duration on the extent of thermal effect in dermis, but less epidermal damage with 600 msec pulses as compared to 150 msec at the same pulse¯uence. Application of pre-or post-cooling reduces the peak surface temperature after laser exposure and accelerates its relaxation toward the base temperature to a different degree. However, the temperature pro®le in skin after 50 msec is in either example very similar to that after a lower-energy laser pulse without CSC. Conclusion: When applied in combination with repetitive Er:YAG laser exposure, CSC strongly affects the amount of heat available for dermal coagulation. As a result, CSC may not provide spatially selective epidermal protection in Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing using repetitive long‐pulse exposure and cryogen spray cooling: II. Theoretical analysis

et al. 2001

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“…In this technique, controlled dermal heating without epidermal damage is achieved by combining the laser or intense pulsed-light treatment with the simultaneous cooling of the skin surface [9]. The selective thermal damage of the dermis is followed by a wound healing response from the damaged tissue, which ultimately leads to new collagen formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of skin temperature on lesion size in fractional photothermolysis

et al. 2007

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Background and Objectives: Fractional photothermolysis is a new concept in cutaneous re-modeling whereby laser-induced microscopic zones of thermal injury (MTZMicroscopic Treatment Zones) are surrounded by normal, viable tissue. This unique thermal damage pattern allows re-epithelialization in less than 24 hours. To increase patient comfort level during the procedure of fractional photothermolysis, simultaneous skin cooling has been proposed and is now extensively used. The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the influence of skin temperature on the diameter of the epidermal microthermal zone and the extent of thermal injury per unit area. The determination of the changes in these parameters that are due to skin temperature will allow the better control and understanding of fractional photothermolysis at different skin temperatures. Materials and Methods: Fractional photothermolysis was performed with a 1,550 nm fiber laser (Fraxel SR 1 Laser) with 10 mJ per pulse on full-thickness cadaver skin. The skin samples were brought prior to exposure to temperatures that ranged from 0 to 458C. The epidermis of the skin samples was separated by dispase treatment, stained for thermal damage by NBTC stain, and lesion diameter was assessed by a blinded investigator. Results : The average MTZ diameter exhibits a positive, linear relationship with skin temperature (R 2 ¼ 0.904, P < 0.0001). As the skin temperature increases from 0 to 458C. The MTZ diameter increases from 93 to 147 mm (58%), and the MTZ area from 6,870 to 17,050 mm 2 (148%). Conclusion : The skin temperature affects the size of epidermal MTZs during fractional photothermolysis and is an important variable factor. The use of simultaneous skin cooling increases patient comfort; however, as it also decreases MTZ size, it may interfere with treatment efficacy. The control of skin temperature is necessary to provide a consistent outcome and to be able to compare treatments.

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“…Multiple studies have shown efficacy in the treatment of atrophic facial scars with only mild edema and erythema post-procedure. 45,46 A study comparing the 1320 nm Nd:YAG to the 1450 nm diode laser for treatment of atrophic acne scars revealed that the 1450 nm laser effected more significant change in the scar appearance and skin texture. 46 Both mid-infrared lasers, however, induced clinical improvement.…”

Section: 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser treatment for post acne scars– A review

2013

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Background: For years, there was no successful treatment for acne scars. Now, things have changed. With the development of new technologies, those suffering from acne scarring have multiple options to improve the tone and texture of the skin. Laser treatments, including ablative and non ablative laser skin resurfacing are among available treatment options. Methods: The aim of writing this paper is to review information about acne scarring, as well as potential treatments by laser. The paper will first concentrate on introduction and classification of acne scarring, then go on to treatment modalities specifically by laser. This paper will also focus on post treatment recovery time, side effects and methods to prevent and treat those side effects. Conclusion: Ultimate goal of any intervention in acne scarring is not total cure or perfection; rather it is making scars less visible. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 165-170 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8970

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Cryogen Spray Cooling in Combination With Nonablative Laser Treatment of Facial Rhytides

Cited by 210 publications

References 7 publications

Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing using repetitive long‐pulse exposure and cryogen spray cooling: II. Theoretical analysis

Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing using repetitive long‐pulse exposure and cryogen spray cooling: II. Theoretical analysis

Effects of skin temperature on lesion size in fractional photothermolysis

Laser treatment for post acne scars– A review

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