Cryogenic Faraday isolator

TSAG-based cryogenic Faraday isolator

“…Field averaged over the length of the sample was 20.5 kOe. Heat was removed through the side surface of the sample to a copper tube and then to the bottom of a container filled with liquid nitrogen [26]. An indium foil served as a thermal interface between the crystal and the tube.…”

“…In this case, the Verdet constant V increases (for TGG, V is inversely proportional to temperature T) and thermally induced distortions are reduced. We developed an FI with a TGG-based rotator cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures and called it a cryogenic Faraday isolator (CFI) [26,27]. Cryogenic cooling seems the only possible way of creation of the magneto-optical devices operating with tens of kilowatts of laser power.…”

Characterization of the terbium-doped calcium fluoride single crystal

“…The Verdet constant of paramagnetic materials is increasing with the cooling [8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, other thermooptical characteristics are improving with the temperature decreasing.…”

“…Furthermore, other thermooptical characteristics are improving with the temperature decreasing. This fact was the reason for the development of the cryogenic FI (CFI) -the device which MOE and magnetic system are cooled to the liquid nitrogen boiling temperature [8,12,13]. As long as, magnetoactive media parameters change on cooling [9,14,15], traditionally used in the FIs media (e.g.…”

Faraday effect measurements of holmium oxide (Ho2O3) ceramics-based magneto-optical materials

“…There are several ways to suppress the degrading effect of polarization and modal distortion incorporating, for example, a special magnetic field design [7] , thermo-mechanical designing of an MOE holder [8] , cryogenic cooling [9,10] , or designing of a heat removal scheme using numerical modeling [11][12][13] .…”