Cryogenic Forming of Al‐Mg Alloy Sheet for Car Outer Body Applications

Grabner, Florian; Österreicher, Johannes A.; Gruber, Belinda; Papenberg, Nikolaus; Gerstner, Florian; Kirnstötter, Stefan; Schlögl, Carina M.

doi:10.1002/adem.201900089

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recent studies show the advantages of deformation at sub-zero temperatures [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Schneider et al [18] described an increase in uniform elongation of 75% for the Al-Mg alloy EN AW 5182 when the temperature is lowered to 77 K. In a multiaxial stress state, realized by limiting dome height experiments, a significant improvement was also achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room Temperature Recovery of Cryogenically Deformed Aluminium Alloys

Gruber

Grabner

Falkinger³

et al. 2020

SSRN Journal

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Increased formability of aluminium alloys has been demonstrated via cryogenic deformation. In previous studies, the microstructures of samples deformed at low temperatures were analysed after reheating to room temperature (RT) and storage. However, after heating the dislocation structure and density of the deformed material do not reflect the cryogenic situation. In this work, we investigate the evolution of flow stress during recovery in Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Si alloys. We examine the RT recovery behaviour of samples pre-strained at 77 K to different strain levels, and evaluate the structural stability upon subsequent deformation. We also study microstructural evolution via in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, starting from initial conditions at cryogenic temperatures to long-term RT-recovery. Recovery of cryogenically deformed samples at RT results in reduction of the flow stress, in dependence on RT storage. The recovery process can be divided into three distinct sections, each based on a different mechanism characterized by either the arranging or the annihilation of dislocations. Subsequent further straining at room temperature after cryogenic forming also generates plastic instabilities and premature fracture due to unfavourable hardening and recovery assisted softening interplay.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room Temperature Recovery of Cryogenically Deformed Aluminium Alloys

Gruber

Grabner

Falkinger³

et al. 2020

SSRN Journal

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“…Readers are invited to refer to the following studies for in-depth insights into the other cold forming processes itemized above. [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Several experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out to assess the potential of WT forming for the production of industrial parts from precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloys. In another study, [57] for example, WT forming was compared to cold forming in the T6 condition in the precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy AA7075 by forming an automotive B-pillar using an industrial tool.…”

Section: Cold Forming Of Aluminummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Readers are invited to refer to the following studies for in‐depth insights into the other cold forming processes itemized above. [ 58–67 ]…”

Section: Forming Strategies To Overcome the Forming Limit Of Aluminum...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Sheet Metal Forming Strategies for High‐Strength Aluminum Alloys: A Review—Fundamentals and Applications

et al. 2023

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In the past decade, aluminum alloys have become important structural materials in the automotive industry, thanks to their low density, high strength, high fracture toughness, and good fatigue performance. However, an important limitation of aluminum alloys is their poor formability at room temperature; as a result, numerous studies have been conducted with the aim of developing forming techniques to overcome this and facilitate the forming of more complex‐shaped components. Following an overview on the metallurgical background of aluminum alloys, this article reviews recent developments in forming processes for aluminum alloys. The focus is on process variants at room temperature and at higher temperatures and on a new hot forming technique promising considerable improvements in formability. This review summarizes the influence of different process parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties. Particular emphasis is given to process design and to the underlying microstructural phenomena governing the strengthening mechanisms.

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“…A combination of high strength and good ductility was achieved for the alloy. Grabner et al [ 88 ] used deep‐drawing at ≈93 K to produce Al–Mg alloy outer body car parts and found that deep‐drawing at 93 K was effective in reducing stretcher‐strain marks. As shown in Figure , the RT‐formed part has an average waviness of 5 μm, while the cryo‐formed one shows no sign of waviness.…”

Section: Cryo‐forming Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of High Performance of Al Alloys via Cryo‐Forming: A Review

Xiong

Su²,

Kong

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Weight reduction is a major trend in the development of automotive, marine, and aerospace industry. Al alloys are the ideal choice for the lightweight design because of their superior mechanical properties and small mass density. In recent years, research results have demonstrated that plastic processing at cryogenic temperature can improve the mechanical properties of Al alloys. Herein, the mechanical properties of Al alloys at cryogenic environment as well as at room temperature are compared, and then the main progress is introduced in the development of fabrication of high‐performance Al alloys using cryo‐forming methods, such as cryorolling, asymmetric cryorolling, cryo‐extrusion, and cryo‐forging, with subsequent heat treatment. The grain refinement mechanism and the strengthening mechanism of Al alloys during various cryo‐forming processes are discussed. Finally, the potential development prospects of future researches in this field are proposed.

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Cryogenic Forming of Al‐Mg Alloy Sheet for Car Outer Body Applications

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Room Temperature Recovery of Cryogenically Deformed Aluminium Alloys

Room Temperature Recovery of Cryogenically Deformed Aluminium Alloys

Hot Sheet Metal Forming Strategies for High‐Strength Aluminum Alloys: A Review—Fundamentals and Applications

Development of High Performance of Al Alloys via Cryo‐Forming: A Review

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