Cryogenic front-end amplifier design for large SiPM arrays in the DUNE FD1-HD photon detection system

Brizzolari, C.; Carniti, P.; Cattadori, C.; Cristaldo, Esteban; Rojo, A. de la Torre; Delgado, M.; Falcone, A.; Francis, K.; Gallice, N.; Gotti, C.; Guarise, M.; Montagna, E.; Montanari, A.; Pessina, G.; Pozzato, M.; Smolík, J.; Terranova, F.; Tomassetti, L.; Osa, A. Verdugo de; Warner, D.; Zálešâk, J.; Zani, A.; Zuklin, J.; Zutshi, V.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/p11017

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Broadcom has released products for the 800-830 nm, the 960-990 nm, and the 1450-1550 nm spectral ranges. Both GaAs-based and InP-based LPCs have now been developed for potential cryogenic, high-sensitivity, low-noise applications [5][6][7]38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the optical source perspective, the 808 nm laser diodes are ubiquitous in many commercial applications and have also recently been used with multijunction LPCs for space applications or scientific experiments requiring cryogenic temperatures [2]. For example, liquid argon or the liquid xenon time-projection chamber are of great interest for fundamental neutrino experiments and detection, dark matter research, or for cosmic-muon data recording [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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67.5% Efficient InP-Based Laser Power Converters at 1470 nm at 77 K

Fafard,

Masson

2024

Photonics

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Recent developments in long wavelength and cryogenic laser power converters have unlocked record performances in both areas. Here, devices for an optical input at ~1470 nm are studied for cryogenic applications, combining these cryogenic and long-wavelength attributes. Multijunction laser power converters are demonstrated to have a high-efficiency operation at 77 K. The photovoltaic-power-converting III-V semiconductor devices are designed with InGaAs-absorbing layers, here with 10 thin subcells (PT10), connected by transparent tunnel junctions. Unprecedented conversion efficiencies of up to 67.5% are measured at liquid nitrogen temperatures with an output power of Pmpp = 1.35 W at an average optical input intensity of ~62 W/cm2. A remarkably low bandgap voltage offset value of Woc~50 mV is obtained at an average optical input intensity of ~31 W/cm2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

67.5% Efficient InP-Based Laser Power Converters at 1470 nm at 77 K

Fafard,

Masson

2024

Photonics

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“…Preliminary results were released [14], and here the final results are presented with the refined analysis an determination of the key parameters. The MiB and the CIEMAT XAs, are readout by the same front-end electronics [15] and embed the same SiPMs boards: the two sets of 8 boards ×6 FBK-SIPM and 8 boards ×6 HPK-SIPM have been exchanged between the two sites, while the WLS-LG and the DFs windows are different units from the same design and the same production batch. The PDEs are measured at overvoltage (OV) values of +4.5 V and +3 V for FBK and HPK respectively, for which they both exhibit a 50% PDE at 77 K, and a similar cross-talk.…”

Section: The Photon Detection Efficiency Of the Fd1 X-arapuca Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the DUNE FD1 X-ARAPUCA Photon Detection Efficiency and upgrade of the FD2 Photon Collector

Cattadori

2024

J. Inst.

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The Photon Detection System (PDS) of the first two DUNE far detectors (FD1 and FD2) is composed of 6000 and 672 photon detection units respectively, named X-Arapuca, of different size and geometry. The PDS will complement and boost the DUNE LArTPC for the detection of non beam events: the prompt light detection will improve their tagging, and at low energies it will enable the trigger and the calorimetry of the supernova neutrinos. The X-Arapuca unit is an assembly of several components: its Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) depends both on the design of the assembly and on the grade and the coupling of the individual components. The X-Arapuca PDE is the driver of the Photon Detection System sensitivity, that in turn determines the sensitivity of the DUNE physics reach for the detection of core-collapse supernova within the galaxy and for nucleon decay searches. In this work we present an update of the absolute PDE of the FD1 X-Arapuca baseline design, measured in laboratory: 160 units of this are deployed in the scale 1:20 FD1 prototype hosted in the NP04 cryostat at the CERN neutrino platform. Further we show how to change the baseline design of the FD1 X-Arapuca, allowing to double its PDE. Finally we review a few selected features of the photon collector of the sixteen FD2 X-Arapuca recently deployed for the FD2 scale 1:20 prototype at CERN in the NP02 cryostat, and of the last six units that integrate the latest advancements.

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“…For other applications, cryogenic temperature capabilities with minimal parasitic light leakage can be the main objectives, while still maintaining full galvanic isolation. This is the case for liquid argon or liquid xenon high-voltage time-projection chambers for fundamental neutrino detection and dark matter studies, or for cosmic muon research [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. For applications requiring kilometers of optical power transmission, it is advantageous to develop PoF systems based on economically viable solutions, for example, using standard single-mode fiber (SMF) or multi-mode (MM) fiber cables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Power-over-Fiber with Watts of Output Power Capabilities over Kilometers or at Cryogenic Temperatures

Fafard,

Masson

2024

Photonics

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We demonstrate the use of laser diodes and multijunction photovoltaic power converters to efficiently deliver watts of electrical power for long-distance or cryogenic applications. Transmission through single-mode and multi-mode fibers at the wavelengths of 808 nm and 1470/1550 nm are studied. An electrical output power of ~0.1 W is obtained after a 5 km transmission through a standard single-mode SMF28 fiber fed with 0.25 W of optical power. An electrical output power of ~1 W is demonstrated after a 5 km transmission with a standard OM1 multi-mode fiber fed with ~2.5 W. Photovoltaic conversion efficiencies reaching Eff ~49% are obtained with an output voltage of ~5 V using commercial multijunction laser power converters. For low-temperature applications, an ultra-sensitive silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is used to detect the residual light leaked from fibers as the temperature is decreased. Our study demonstrates that specific fiber types enable low-loss transmission compatible with cryogenic requirements and without light leakage triggering of the SiPM. A cryogenic power-over-fiber system at ~1470 nm is demonstrated with ~2 W of electrical power converted over a 10 m distance having a conversion efficiency of Eff > 65% at 77 K.

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Cryogenic front-end amplifier design for large SiPM arrays in the DUNE FD1-HD photon detection system

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

67.5% Efficient InP-Based Laser Power Converters at 1470 nm at 77 K

67.5% Efficient InP-Based Laser Power Converters at 1470 nm at 77 K

Enhancement of the DUNE FD1 X-ARAPUCA Photon Detection Efficiency and upgrade of the FD2 Photon Collector

Demonstration of Power-over-Fiber with Watts of Output Power Capabilities over Kilometers or at Cryogenic Temperatures

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