Cryogenic Hybrid Coupler for Ultra-Low-Noise Radio Astronomy Balanced Amplifiers

Malo-Gómez, Inmaculada; Gallego-Puyol, Juan Daniel; Diez-Gonzalez, C.; López-Fernández, I.; Briso-Rodríguez, César

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2009.2033874

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The 3 dB coupler or hybrid is a special case of the directional coupler that provides equal power division/combination and 90 or 180 phase difference between the outputs depending on the design topology. The 3 dB coupler is one of the basic circuit components for balanced amplifiers [1], sideband separating (2SB) mixers [2]- [4], array antennas [5], filers, and more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many design topologies of the substrate-based hybrids with diverse fabrication complexity that offers improved hybrid performance, [1], [6]- [9]. Nonetheless, the 90 branch line couplers remain a pertinent research topic even today due to their simplicity and ease of fabrication [10]- [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multiple branch waveguide 90 hybrid [14], [15] has proven to be very practical for applications such as radio astronomy instrumentation [4], [16], [17]. 1 Reed's periodic multiple branch 90 waveguide hybrid design [14], [15] allows for very good directivity, return loss and phase imbalance (usually better than ) within the operation bandwidth. However, the amplitude imbalance in such components is typically 1 dB or worse for broadband operation [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an undesired feature in many applications, especially in receiver systems that employ 2SB layout . Instead, a waveguide structure that allows for controllable ripples in the operating band, similar to substrate based multi-section hybrids [1], [6]- [8] is desirable. This issue has partially been addressed in [13] and implemented in ALMA B5 production receiver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Wideband Waveguide Hybrid With Ultra-Low Amplitude Imbalance

Rashid

Desmaris

Belitsky

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.

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We present a design and synthesis procedure for a new 90 waveguide hybrid with ultra-low amplitude imbalance. This novel hybrid design is based on Reed's multiple branch waveguide hybrid. The primary feature of this quadrature hybrid design is the introduction of a controllable ripple in the operational band by, firstly changing the heights of the input and output branches and, secondly, by introducing three waveguide-height discontinuity sections placed symmetrically in the main waveguide. This layout allows ultra-low amplitude imbalance over a wide operational band. At the same time, it permits a greater input/output branch height as compared to the Reed's 5-branch waveguide hybrid, which should ease fabrication for short-mm and sub-mm wavelengths. This design concept is demonstrated through a 90 waveguide hybrid for the 159-216 GHz band (30% fractional bandwidth). Our simulations indicate that the amplitude imbalance of the hybrid is better than 0.2 dB over the most of the 159-216 GHz band with a phase imbalance better than 4 . Experimental verification of the hybrid shows excellent agreement with the simulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design of Wideband Waveguide Hybrid With Ultra-Low Amplitude Imbalance

Rashid

Desmaris

Belitsky

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. THz Sci. Technol.

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“…Equal‐split (3‐dB) directional couplers belong to a class of microwave components that find diverse applications in balanced‐type circuits such as power amplifiers, mixers, or antenna feeding systems to name just a few. Perhaps the most representative examples of hybrids are branch‐line couplers (BLCs) and rat‐race couplers (RRCs) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid surrogate-assisted design optimization of minimum-size broadband branch-line couplers with variable topology

Kurgan

Koziel

2018

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This work discusses simulation‐driven design of miniaturized wideband branch‐line couplers with a variable topology. Size reduction is enabled here by replacing uniform transmission lines of the original coupler with slow‐wave structures in the form of cascaded compact cells and meander lines. The primary goal is to determine a number of cells in the cascade and particular cell dimensions for which the minimum size of the coupler as well as its required operating conditions are ensured. To this end, we employ a surrogate‐assisted technique involving a trust‐region gradient search framework. Computational efficiency of the design process stems from estimating the Jacobian of circuit responses at the level of a low‐fidelity model of the cascade. The latter is composed in a circuit simulator from duplicated EM‐evaluated data blocks of a single cell and is well correlated with the corresponding high‐fidelity model. The key advantage of this work is the utilization of a reconfigurable, cheap, and well‐aligned low‐fidelity model. The proposed approach is demonstrated through design of a minimum‐size two‐section branch‐line coupler with quasi‐periodic dumbbell‐shaped cells and meander lines. Excellent circuit performance as well as its small size showcase the reliability and usefulness of the presented method. Experimental verification is also provided.

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A review of hybrid couplers: State‐of‐the‐art, applications, design issues and challenges

Abdulbari

Rahim

Soh

et al. 2021

Int J Numerical Modelling

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In recent years, the hybrid branch‐line coupler has attracted much attention due to its appealing features such as of low cost and ease in fabrication for wireless communications. The fifth‐generation cellular networks promise to support several wireless technologies by capitalizing a multitude of frequencies and increase data rates. To achieve that, the butler matrix technique can be used to enhance both bandwidth and data rate with the implementation of beamforming. Conventional hybrid couplers are the main component to build a butler matrix, but they are generally bulky in size and narrow in bandwidth. Moreover, requirements imposed by newer wireless technologies makes the efforts in improving size compactness and bandwidth even more challenging. On the other hand, several techniques have been proposed in literature to solve both issues. This study focuses on the design challenges and issues of hybrid coupler designs and technologies, besides underlining their promising potential. In this context, several techniques for hybrid coupler to achieve the required bandwidth and size reduction are highlighted, such as the T‐shape, meander line, two sections, three‐section, and parallel couple lines.

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Cryogenic Hybrid Coupler for Ultra-Low-Noise Radio Astronomy Balanced Amplifiers

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Design of Wideband Waveguide Hybrid With Ultra-Low Amplitude Imbalance

Design of Wideband Waveguide Hybrid With Ultra-Low Amplitude Imbalance

Rapid surrogate-assisted design optimization of minimum-size broadband branch-line couplers with variable topology

A review of hybrid couplers: State‐of‐the‐art, applications, design issues and challenges

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