Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel for Controlled Inertial Confinement Fusion (Cylindrical Targets for the Laplas Experiments)

Александрова, И. В.; Koresheva, E. R.; Koshelev, E. L.; Крохин, О. Н.; Nikitenko, A. I.; Osipov, I.E.; Timasheva, T. P.

doi:10.21517/0202-3822-2016-39-3-34-65

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As shown in Ref. [17], temperature decreasing may enhance the mechanical behavior of the polymer shells, and the values of could be much higher.…”

Section: Bodner-target Fabrication By the Fst Layering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The possibility of performing the SC depressurization procedure under conditions excluding both shell damage due to internal pressure and fuel leakage from the shells due to reverse diffusion exists only under a temperature decrease, when the gas pressure drops (Figures 2 and 4), the gas permeability decreases, and the shell material strength rises [16, 17] . As the gas pressure in the shell does not depend on the shell material, the possibility of performing one or another variant is determined only by the tensile properties of the shell and its configuration.…”

Section: Bodner-target Fabrication By the Fst Layering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced fuel layering in line-moving, high-gain direct-drive cryogenic targets

Александрова

Koresheva

2019

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

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In inertial fusion energy (IFE) research, a number of technological issues have focused on the ability to inexpensively fabricate large quantities of free-standing targets (FSTs) by developing a specialized layering module with repeatable operation. Of central importance for the progress towards plasma generation with intense thermonuclear reactions is the fuel structure, which must be isotropic to ensure that fusion will take place. In this report, the results of modeling the FST layering time, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{\text{Form}}$ , are presented for targets which are shells of ${\sim}4~\text{mm}$ in diameter with a wall made from compact and porous polymers. The layer thickness is ${\sim}200~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ for pure solid fuel and ${\sim}250~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ for in-porous solid fuel. Computation shows $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{\text{Form}}<23$ s for $\text{D}_{2}$ fuel and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{\text{Form}}<30$ s for D–T fuel. This is an excellent result in terms of minimizing the tritium inventory, producing IFE targets in massive numbers ( ${\sim}$ 1 million each day) and obtaining the fuel as isotropic ultrafine layers. It is shown experimentally that such small layering time can be realized by the FST layering method in line-moving, high-gain direct-drive cryogenic targets using $n$ -fold-spiral layering channels at $n=2,3$ .

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“…As shown in Ref. [17], temperature decreasing may enhance the mechanical behavior of the polymer shells, and the values of could be much higher.…”

Section: Bodner-target Fabrication By the Fst Layering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Bodner-target Fabrication By the Fst Layering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced fuel layering in line-moving, high-gain direct-drive cryogenic targets

Александрова

Koresheva

2019

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

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“…The main processes related to mass-fabrication and rep-rate delivery of the cryogenic targets (everywhere further-target) to the burn area are as follows: (1) fuel filling (T = 300 K on-line characterization of flying targets. The Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI) has developed the principles to realize the above processes [1][2][3]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, we have upgraded the FST-factory major elements proposed earlier by LPI in [1][2][3]. The equipment has become quite compact (see figure 1), which helps to minimize the target fabrication and delivery costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target fabrication technologies and noncontact delivery systems to develop a free-standing target factory operating in the repetition mode at the IFE relevant level

Александрова¹,

Koresheva²,

Koshelev³

2021

Nucl. Fusion

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Realization of fusion energy imposes considerable challenges in the areas of producing cryogenic targets with an isotropic fuel structure and developing noncontact target delivery means. It was shown that the FST-layering method using high cooling rates (1–50 K s−1) and high-melting additives to fuel content (0.3%–25%) makes solid layers isotropic and free of local defects. FST-layering in line-moving shells is usually realized in a vertical single-spiral layering channel. Here we present our first results with a double-spiral layering channel (DS-LC). The cryogenic layers (D2 + 20% Ne) were formed in 5 shells (2R ∼ 1.8 mm) during their rolling in the DS-LC, and then they were gravitationally injected to the test chamber at T = 5 K. The obtained isotropic layers (W ∼ 87 μm) are stable in the temperature range from 5 K to T tp = 18.7 K of D2. The total layering time <20 s. Another critical issue is the noncontact target delivery. It is shown that using transport of high-temperature superconductors in the magnetic fields provides stable noncontact target acceleration placed in a superconducting sabot. The proof-of-principle experiments have shown that using only 1 field coil allows one to accelerate such sabot up to 1 m s−1. Computationally, it has been shown that acceleration up to a velocity of 200 m s−1 will require about 200 field coils (0.25 T each) along the 5 m-length of the linear accelerator with overloads a = 400 g; the velocity of 400 m s−1 will require the acceleration length of 20 m at the same a = 400 g. First steps are made to reduce the dimensions of the linear accelerator using a cyclic permanent magnet guideway with less than 10 field coils to achieve target injection velocities in the range of V inj = 200–400 m s−1.

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Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel for Controlled Inertial Confinement Fusion (Cylindrical Targets for the Laplas Experiments)

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Advanced fuel layering in line-moving, high-gain direct-drive cryogenic targets

Advanced fuel layering in line-moving, high-gain direct-drive cryogenic targets

Target fabrication technologies and noncontact delivery systems to develop a free-standing target factory operating in the repetition mode at the IFE relevant level

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